🚸 Allow creating circuits from compound operations

[burgholzer]

Description

This PR adds functionality to construct circuits from compound operations. In the process, it also improves the QASM dumping functionality by making it const. Last, but not least, it refactors the corresponding IO tests to use more convenient interfaces that are now available.

Fixes #600

Checklist:

• [x] The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
• [x] I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
• [x] I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
• [x] The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the project's style guidelines.

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 92.1%. Comparing base (bcb8371) to head (ace3312). Report is 7 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

[](https://app.codecov.io/gh/cda-tum/mqt-core/pull/690?src=pr&el=tree&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=cda-tum) ```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #690 +/- ## ===================================== Coverage 92.1% 92.1% ===================================== Files 125 125 Lines 13780 13790 +10 Branches 2153 2154 +1 ===================================== + Hits 12692 12704 +12 + Misses 1088 1086 -2 ``` | [Flag](https://app.codecov.io/gh/cda-tum/mqt-core/pull/690/flags?src=pr&el=flags&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=cda-tum) | Coverage Δ | | |---|---|---| | [cpp](https://app.codecov.io/gh/cda-tum/mqt-core/pull/690/flags?src=pr&el=flag&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=cda-tum) | `91.8% <100.0%> (+<0.1%)` | :arrow_up: | | [python](https://app.codecov.io/gh/cda-tum/mqt-core/pull/690/flags?src=pr&el=flag&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=cda-tum) | `99.7% <ø> (ø)` | | | [Files with missing lines](https://app.codecov.io/gh/cda-tum/mqt-core/pull/690?dropdown=coverage&src=pr&el=tree&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=cda-tum) | Coverage Δ | | |---|---|---| | [include/mqt-core/ir/QuantumComputation.hpp](https://app.codecov.io/gh/cda-tum/mqt-core/pull/690?src=pr&el=tree&filepath=include%2Fmqt-core%2Fir%2FQuantumComputation.hpp&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=cda-tum#diff-aW5jbHVkZS9tcXQtY29yZS9pci9RdWFudHVtQ29tcHV0YXRpb24uaHBw) | `91.9% <100.0%> (-0.6%)` | :arrow_down: | | [src/ir/Permutation.cpp](https://app.codecov.io/gh/cda-tum/mqt-core/pull/690?src=pr&el=tree&filepath=src%2Fir%2FPermutation.cpp&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=cda-tum#diff-c3JjL2lyL1Blcm11dGF0aW9uLmNwcA==) | `100.0% <100.0%> (ø)` | | | [src/ir/QuantumComputation.cpp](https://app.codecov.io/gh/cda-tum/mqt-core/pull/690?src=pr&el=tree&filepath=src%2Fir%2FQuantumComputation.cpp&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=cda-tum#diff-c3JjL2lyL1F1YW50dW1Db21wdXRhdGlvbi5jcHA=) | `85.0% <100.0%> (+0.6%)` | :arrow_up: |