⬆️ update MQT workflows to `v1.4`

[burgholzer]

Description

This PR updates the MQT workflows to their latest version. These updates bring even more integration with uv to speed up the workflows and some refactoring in the Python testing workflow.

Checklist:

• [x] The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
• [x] I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
• [x] I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
• [x] The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the project's style guidelines.

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 92.1%. Comparing base (1158ddc) to head (6f166dd). Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

[](https://app.codecov.io/gh/cda-tum/mqt-core/pull/692?src=pr&el=tree&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=cda-tum) ```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #692 +/- ## ===================================== Coverage 92.1% 92.1% ===================================== Files 125 125 Lines 13759 13759 Branches 2151 2151 ===================================== Hits 12673 12673 Misses 1086 1086 ``` | [Flag](https://app.codecov.io/gh/cda-tum/mqt-core/pull/692/flags?src=pr&el=flags&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=cda-tum) | Coverage Δ | | |---|---|---| | [cpp](https://app.codecov.io/gh/cda-tum/mqt-core/pull/692/flags?src=pr&el=flag&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=cda-tum) | `91.8% <ø> (ø)` | | | [python](https://app.codecov.io/gh/cda-tum/mqt-core/pull/692/flags?src=pr&el=flag&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=cda-tum) | `99.7% <ø> (ø)` | |