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Standard names: Second Batch - 19 variables from the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) #169

Closed fcarvalhopacheco closed 1 year ago

fcarvalhopacheco commented 2 years ago

Proposer's name:

Reviewers & Contributors:

Date: 2021-10-19

Notes: The following are 19 proposed names and descriptions of some of the biogeochemical variables collected during the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series (HOT) research cruises. We include generic terminology used for other similar CF names and a description corresponding to the specific HOT variable, constructed based on definitions from HOT documentation or other sources (e.g., Natural Environment Research Council Vocabulary Server (NERC). The corresponding reference is also included for each term whenever possible. The current variable names and units used by the HOT program and the Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO / HOT Niskin and Water Bottle Dataset) can be seen on the following links:

-HOT Niskin bottle samples parameters: https://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/FTP/hot/water/Readme.water.jgofs

-HOT Particle Flux parameters: https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/docs/302/HOT/data_docs/737393/1/Readme.flux

-BCO-DMO / HOT - Niskin and Water Bottle Dataset: https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/info/bcodmo_dataset_3773/index.html

-BCO-DMO / HOT - Particle Flux information: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/737393


(1)Term: mole_concentration_of_guanosine_triphosphate_in_sea_water

Description: Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction "mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The chemical formula of guanosine triphosphate is C10H16N5O14P3.

Units: [mol m-3]


(2)Term: mass_concentration_of_chlorophyll_c4_in_sea_water

-Definition: Mass concentration means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. Chlorophylls are the green pigments found in most plants, algae and cyanobacteria; their presence is essential for photosynthesis to take place. There are several different forms of chlorophyll that occur naturally. All contain a chlorin ring (chemical formula C20H16N4) which gives the green pigment and a side chain whose structure varies. The naturally occurring forms of chlorophyll contain between 35 and 55 carbon atoms.

-Units: [kg m-3]


(3)Term: moles_of_hydrogen_peroxide_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water

-Definition: The construction "moles_of_X_per_unit_mass_in_Y" is also called "molality" of X in Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The chemical formula for hydrogen peroxide is H2O2.

-Units: [mol kg-1]


(4)Term: moles_of_nitrous_oxide_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water

-Definition: ‘The construction "moles_of_X_per_unit_mass_in_Y" is also called "molality" of X in Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The chemical formula for nitrous oxide is N2O. The equivalent term in the NERC P01 Parameter Usage Vocabulary may be found at http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/DN2OZZ01/.

-Units: [mol kg-1]


(5)Term: moles_of_particulate_biogenic_silica_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water

-Definition: The construction "moles_of_X_per_unit_mass_in_Y" is also called "molality" of X in Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". "Biogenic" means influenced, caused, or created by natural processes. The equivalent term in the NERC S27 Parameter Semantic model Chemical Substances may be found at http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/S27/current/CS003128/.

-Units: [mol kg-1]


(6)Term: moles_of_particulate_inorganic_carbon_per_unit_mass_of_sea_water

-Definition: The construction "moles_of_X_per_unit_mass_in_Y" is also called "molality" of X in Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The equivalent term in the NERC P09 Parameter Usage Vocabulary may be found at http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/PICP/1/.

-Units: [mol kg-1]


(7)Term: mass_concentration_of_phycoerythrin_4_in_sea_water

-Definition: Mass concentration means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. “Phycoerythrin-4” is the concentration of phycoerythrin in the 5-0.4 µm fractions per unit volume of the water body.

-Units: [kg m-3]


(8)Term: mass_concentration_of_phycoerythrin_5_in_sea_water

-Definition: Mass concentration means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. “Phycoerythrin-5” is the concentration of phycoerythrin in the 10-5 µm fractions per unit volume of the water body.

-Units: [kg m-3]


(9)Term: mass_concentration_of_phycoerythrin_10_in_sea_water

-Definition: Mass concentration means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. “Phycoerythrin-10” is the concentration of phycoerythrin >10 µm fractions per unit volume of the water body.

-Units: [kg m-3]


(10) HOT term: delta_15N_PN CF term: enrichment_of_15N_in_particulate_nitrogen_in_sea_water_expressed_as_lowercase_delta_15N_relative_to_atmospheric_nitrogen

-Definition: Isotopic enrichment of 15N, often called delta 15N, is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes 15N:14N.

-Units: [1e-3] (CF); [permil vs. air-N] (HOT)

-References:
See HOT: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset-parameter/854930 NERC-1:http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/N15D/4/ NERC-2:http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/D15NOPXX/4/ https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~peter/Resources/Seminar/readings/Sigman01EOS.pdf


(11) HOT Term: delta_13C_PC CF Term: enrichment_of_13C_in_particulate_carbon_in_sea_water_expressed_as_lowercase_delta_13C_relative_to_VPDB

-Definition: Isotopic enrichment of 13C, often called delta 13C, is a generic term for the isotopic enrichment of carbon-13 (13C) expressed as the delta-13C value in the total particulate carbon fraction.

-Units: [1e-3] (CF); [permil vs. VPDB] (HOT)

-References: See HOT: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset-parameter/849829 NERC-1:http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/D13CMIXX/3/ NERC-2:http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P09/current/C13D/3/


SEDIMENT TRAP VARIABLES

Please see all the HOT sediment trap variables here:

See HOT processing description for sediment traps here:

  1. open https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/737393#
  2. scroll down and expand the tab Processing Description)

(12)Term: sinking_mass_flux_of_carbon_in_particles_in_sea_water

-Definition: In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid.

-Units: [kg m-2 s-1]


(13)Term: sinking_mass_flux_of_nitrogen_in_particles_in_sea_water

-Definition: In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid.

-Units: [kg m-2 s-1]


(14)Term: sinking_mass_flux_of_mass_in_particles_in_sea_water

-Definition: In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid.

-Units: [kg m-2 s-1]


(15)Term: sinking_mass_flux_of_phosphorus_in_particles_in_sea_water

-Definition: In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid.

-Units: [kg m-2 s-1]


(16)Term: sinking_mass_flux_of_silica_in_particles_in_sea_water

-Definition: In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid.

-Units: [kg m-2 s-1]


(17)Term: enrichment_of_15N_in_particulate_nitrogen_in_particles_in_sea_water_expressed_as_lowercase_delta_15N_relative_to_atmospheric_nitrogen

-Definition: Isotopic enrichment of 15N, often called d15N or delta 15N (lower case delta), is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes 15N:14N. Reference: Karl, D. (2018) Sediment trap flux measurements from the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series (HOT) project at station ALOHA. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.737393.1.

-Units: [1e-3] (CF); [permil vs. air-N2] (HOT)

-References:


(18)Term: enrichment_of_13C_in_inorganic_carbon_in_particles_in_sea_water_expressed_as_lowercase_delta_13C_relative_to_VPDB

-Definition: Isotopic enrichment of 13C, often called d13C or delta 13C (lower case delta), is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes 15N:14N. The equivalent term in the NERC P01 Parameter Usage Vocabulary may be found at http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/D13CMITX/4/. Reference: Karl, D. (2018) Sediment trap flux measurements from the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series (HOT) project at station ALOHA. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.737393.1.

-Units: [1e-3] (CF); [permil vs. VPDB] (HOT)

-References:


(19)Term: sinking_mass_flux_of_particulate_inorganic_carbon_in_particles_in_sea_water

-Definition: In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid.

-Units: [kg m-2 s-1]

roy-lowry commented 2 years ago

This proposal raises a couple of points where I'd appreciate the opinions of others.

1) There is moles_of_particulate_biogenic_silica_per_unit_mass_in_sewater (should be corrected to moles_of_particulate_biogenic_silica_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water) There is already a Standard Name mole_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_silicon_in_sea_water. As it is a mole concentration and there is one atom of silicon per molecule of silica the two Standard Names look to me to be descriptions of the same measurement. If not, what is the difference and how can this be clearly expressed in the name description?

2) There is a set of three phycoerythrin concentrations in the proposal such as mass_concentration_of_phycoerythrin_4_in_sea_water. The reason there are three is because they are for size fractionated data where the pigment concentration is measured in particles of different size - in this case 0.4-5 micron, 5-10 micron and >10 micron. My question is 'How should this be encoded in Standard Name grammar'? There is a sort of precedent with Standard Names for size fractionated atmospheric particulates or aerosols but these are based on well-known community names for size fractions such as pm10 for particles with a diameter of 10 microns or less. There is no such convention and are lot more variability (I've come across dozens of sea water particle size classes in size fractionated data) in the oceanographic community. The proposal suggests specifying the size class as a qualification of the measurand name such as phycoerythrin_4. I'm not comfortable with this because the substance measured for all particle size classes is the same thing. So as a starting point how about:

mass_concentration_of_particulate_0.4to5um_phycoerythrin_in_sea_water mass_concentration_of_particulate_5to10um_phycoerythrin_in_sea_water mass_concentration_of_particulate_gt10um_phycoerythrin_in_sea_water

for the three names proposed?

roy-lowry commented 2 years ago

An afterthought - is a period as in 0.4 OK in a Standard Name? If not, what should the syntax be?

JonathanGregory commented 2 years ago

Dear @roy-lowry et al.

Thanks to you and the proposers for your hard work on these standard names.

Regarding your first point, I think these differ because moles_of_particulate_biogenic_silica_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water is in mol kg-1, whereas mole_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_silicon_in_sea_water is in mol m-3. However, if they're the same species, it would be helpful to use the same phrase. Would moles_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_silicon_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water be OK for the new one?

On the second point, I share your concern about having numbers in the standard names, especially if these aren't standardised in practice, whereas pm10 etc. are so common that they are practically names. A usual CF solution would be to have a standard name of mass_concentration_of_particulate_phycoerythrin_in_sea_water and require it to have a coordinate variable for the nominal radius, with bounds to specify the range. Omitting this coordinate would mean that all sizes were included.

Best wishes

Jonathan

roy-lowry commented 2 years ago

Thanks @JonathanGregory

I'd missed the obvious (the per unit mass bit) as I'm so used to dealing with biogenic silica per unit volume. Your proposal has the logic of precedent behind it, although to an observational biogeochemist it's far from intuitive. It would also have implications for moles_of_particulate_inorganic_carbon_per_unit_mass_of_sea_water, which presumably would become moles_of_particulate_inorganic_matter_expressed_as_carbon_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water. Be interesting to see if others have views on this.

Your suggestion for particle sizes raises a few discussion points.

1) The naming practice in CF for pigments - established with chlorophyll in 2013 - is to use the form mass_concentration_of_pigment_in_sea_water. Pigments are insoluble in water and so all pigment concentrations are particulate: mass_concentration_of_chlorophyll_a_in_sea_water is a common-practice shorthand synonym for mass_concentration_of_particulate_chlorophyll_a_in_sea_water. I've been thinking about the consequences of this. I guess we could have a convention where:

Standard Name excluding 'dissolved' or 'particulate' means the measurand is in solution, in particles or both. Standard Name including 'dissolved' means the measurand is in solution Standard Name including 'particulate' without a coordinate variable means the measurand is in particles of any size Standard Name including 'particulate' with a coordinate variable means the measurand is in particles of the size specified by the co-ordinate variable.

2) The particles are irregular shapes, not spheres. Their size is determined by the size of the holes in the filter that traps them. Particles sized as >10 micron are the particles trapped by a filter with 10 micron diameter holes. Particles sized as 5-10 micron have been trapped on a filter with 5 micron holes having passed through a filter with 10 micron holes. A Standard Name - say filtered_particle_nominal_size - could be set up with a carefully drafted description.

3) I have trouble specifying the values to use in the co-ordinate variable and its bounds. For the size range 5-10 micron it's easy. The co-ordinate variable would have the value 7.5 with bounds 5 and 10. But what about >10 micron? The lower bound would be 10, but what would the upper bound and the variable value be?

4) Some filters are plastic films with round holes but others such as GFF and GFC are glass-fibre meshes with irregularly-sized holes. Nominal pore sizes are specified by Whatman - 0.7 micron for GFF 1.2 micron for GFC - and could be used where appropriate. However, the semantics don't distinguish whether a co-ordinate variable value is based on a nominal pore size or an actual pore size. This issue has been addressed elsewhere by using terms such as '>GFF' in parameter descriptions but as they are non-numeric they cannot be used in a solution based on co-ordinate variables.

roy-lowry commented 2 years ago

Giving some more thought to moles_of_particulate_biogenic_silica_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water I realised that whilst this may be the same species as moles_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_silicon_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water, mass_concentration_of_particulate_biogenic_silica_in_sea_water involves a very different species to mass_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_silicon_in_sea_water. I think having mole and mass concentrations of the same thing expressed using different phrases is far from helpful. Consequently I feel moles_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_silicon_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water is the better option.

Likewise moles_of_particulate_inorganic_carbon_per_unit_mass_of_sea_water is the best option for molar concentrations of PIC per unit mass of sea water.

roy-lowry commented 2 years ago

As a co-ordinate variable with bounds doesn't cover all particulate size fraction cases I think we need to look again at including the size classes in the Standard Names. Although it's a 'blank cheque' precedent I don't think it will cause serious logistical problems in the future.

I'm concerned about the period and whether 'gt' is universally understandable so my next suggestion is

mass_concentration_of_particulate_point4to5um_phycoerythrin_in_sea_water mass_concentration_of_particulate_5to10um_phycoerythrin_in_sea_water mass_concentration_of_particulate_greater10um_phycoerythrin_in_sea_water

roy-lowry commented 2 years ago

I suspect that sinking_mass_flux_of_silica_in_particles_in_sea_water refers to biogenic silica (SiO2nH2O) rather than sand grains (SiO2) Could somebody from HOT please confirm or refute.

JonathanGregory commented 2 years ago

Dear @roy-lowry

I still think that we shouldn't include the numerical range in the standard name. I share your earlier concerns about syntax; furthermore, it's pretty much a principle with standard names that numerical values are not included. I agree with you that it would need a new standard name with a careful definition to describe the nominal size of the holes in the filter for a coordinate variable. The problem with open-ended bounds has arisen before, I think, but I don't recall a solution as a precedent. Obviously it can be solved in a clumsy way by specifying a very large number. A nicer solution would be to use some special value to indicate positive infinity. Do netCDF floating-point numbers support "positive infinity" as a special value, do you know, or does anyone?

Best wishes

Jonathan

DocOtak commented 2 years ago

@JonathanGregory netCDF float and double dtypes appear to support the full range of IEEE 754 specials (nan, +inf, -inf, -0, +0).

roy-lowry commented 2 years ago

Here are detailed comments on 15 of the 19 names in this proposal that do not have outstanding discussion associated with them.

mole_concentration_of_guanosine_triphosphate_in_sea_water Looks OK.

mass_concentration_of_chlorophyll_c4_in_sea_water Looks OK.

moles_of_hydrogen_peroxide_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water Looks OK except for typo in name (seawater for sea_water in proposal).

moles_of_nitrous_oxide_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water Looks OK except for typo in name (seawater for sea_water in proposal).

moles_of_particulate_biogenic_silica_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water Typo in name (sewater for sea_water in proposal) Description has been modified to provide a little more information on biogenic silica and to remove the S27 linkage. Unlike the P01 linkages this cannot be considered a mapping. It's only function is to provide additional information. It was pointed out in the first batch that this is contrary to the general CF principle of self-contained resources. The construction "moles_of_X_per_unit_mass_in_Y" is also called "molality" of X in Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". Particulate means suspended solids of all sizes. Biogenic silica is a hydrated form of silica (silicon dioxide) with the chemical formula SiO2.nH2O sometimes referred to as opaline silica or opal. It is created by biological processes and in sea water it is predominantly the skeletal material of diatoms.

moles_of_particulate_inorganic_carbon_per_unit_mass_of_sea_water Typo in name (seawater for sea_water in proposal) Description modified. P09 isn't a NERC vocabulary. It's a vocabulary governed by IFREMER and served by NVS for the benefit of the MEDATLAS community. I think having mappings to multiple PUVs is more likely to confuse people than assist interoperability. The construction "moles_of_X_per_unit_mass_in_Y" is also called "molality" of X in Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". Particulate means suspended solids of all sizes. Inorganic carbon is carbon bound in molecules ionically that may be liberated from the particles as carbon dioxide by acidification.

enrichment_of_15N_in_particulate_nitrogen_in_sea_water_expressed_as_lowercase_delta_15N_relative_to_atmospheric_nitrogen Description and units changed Isotopic enrichment of 15N, often called delta 15N, is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes 15N:14N. It is a parameterisation of the 15N/14N isotopic ratio in the sample with respect to the isotopic ratio in a reference standard (in this case atmospheric nitrogen). It is computed using the formula (((15N/14N)sample / (15N/14N)standard) - 1) * 1000. Particulate means suspended solids of all sizes. Units: dimensionless

enrichment_of_13C_in_particulate_carbon_in_seawater_expressed_as_lowercase_delta_13C_relative_to_VPDB Description and units changed Isotopic enrichment of 13C, often called delta 13C, is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes 13C:12C. It is a parameterisation of the 13C/12C isotopic ratio in the sample with respect to the isotopic ratio in a reference standard (in this case Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite). It is computed using the formula (((13C/12C)sample / (13C/12C)standard) - 1) * 1000. Particulate means suspended solids of all sizes. Units: dimensionless

Term: sinking_mass_flux_of_carbon_in_particles_in_sea_water Looks OK

sinking_mass_flux_of_nitrogen_in_particles_in_sea_water Looks OK

sinking_mass_flux_of_particles_in_sea_water Name simplified from sinking_mass_flux_of_mass_in_particles_in_sea_water

sinking_mass_flux_of_phosphorus_in_particles_in_sea_water Looks OK

enrichment_of_15N_in_particulate_nitrogen_in_particles_in_sea_water_expressed_as_lowercase_delta_15N_relative_to_atmospheric_nitrogen Duplicate of name (10). Standard name should be the same no matter how the particles are collected.

enrichment_of_13C_in_inorganic_carbon_in_particles_in_sea_water_expressed_as_lowercase_delta_13C_relative_to_VPDB Description and units changed Isotopic enrichment of 13C, often called delta 13C, is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes 13C:12C. It is a parameterisation of the 13C/12C isotopic ratio in the sample with respect to the isotopic ratio in a reference standard (in this case Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite). It is computed using the formula (((13C/12C)sample / (13C/12C)standard) - 1) * 1000. Particulate means suspended solids of all sizes. Inorganic carbon is carbon bound in molecules ionically that may be liberated from the particles as carbon dioxide by acidification. The equivalent term in the NERC P01 Parameter Usage Vocabulary may be found at http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/D13CMITX/4/. Units: dimensionless

sinking_mass_flux_of_inorganic_carbon_in_particles_in_sea_water Name simplified from sinking_mass_flux_of_particulate_inorganic_carbon_in_particles_in_sea_water to remove duplication of 'particulate'. Description modified to include inorganic carbon definition. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. Inorganic carbon is carbon bound in molecules ionically that may be liberated from the particles as carbon dioxide by acidification.

JonathanGregory commented 2 years ago

Thanks @DocOtak for this:

@JonathanGregory netCDF float and double dtypes appear to support the full range of IEEE 754 specials (nan, +inf, -inf, -0, +0).

In that case, would it be OK to specify a hole size with +inf as the upper bound, @roy-lowry?

roy-lowry commented 2 years ago

@JonathanGregory I'm still unsure what value to give a particle diameter co-ordinate with bounds of 10 and infinity other than a big 'magic number' which doesn't strike me as best practice.

I'm even more unsure what the applications I know that handle CF biogeochemical data would make of having the semantics of size-fractionated data encoded as co-ordinates in this way, I plan to research this when I get time. Hence my strategy of bringing forward 14 (15, one of which is duplicated) of this large group of new names to minimise the inconvenience of any delay.

JonathanGregory commented 2 years ago

Dear @roy-lowry

This wouldn't be the only case where it's really the bounds that matter, and the coordinate is only nominal. A recommendation could be provided e.g. set it to the lower bound if the upper bound is positive infinity. It's fine for me if you propose that this quantity should be dealt with separately.

Best wishes

Jonathan

fcarvalhopacheco commented 2 years ago

@roy-lowry

See some notes below:

  1. Regarding moles_of_particulate_biogenic_silica_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water, you mentioned that

There is moles_of_particulate_biogenic_silica_per_unit_mass_in_sewater (should be corrected to moles_of_particulate_biogenic_silica_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water) There is already a Standard Name mole_concentration_of_particulate_organic_matter_expressed_as_silicon_in_sea_water. As it is a mole concentration and there is one atom of silicon per molecule of silica the two Standard Names look to me to be descriptions of the same measurement. If not, what is the difference and how can this be clearly expressed in the name description?

However, it seems that they are not the same. Please see the email below from Angel (PI of HOT).

We've always called this particulate biogenic silica as far as I know because the amorphous silica contained in organisms like diatoms (e.g. biogenic) differs from mineral silicates supplied from rivers (sands, minerals from weathered rocks). There is also a methods component....the method (Demaster 1981) requires time course subsamples (1.5, 3, 4.5, 6.5 and 24 hours) to be measured colorimetrically to distinguish Lithogenic-Si from Biogenic-Si (DeMaster, 1981).

Particulate organic matter expressed as silicon = This is not correct Particulate Silica - Not correct as the methods is specific to biogenic Si

https://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/methods/psi.html

See also a message from David Karl.

It might be best to actually call it particulate opal, the amorphous mineral that we measure. This would eliminate all ambiguity as Angel has indicated. At ALOHA most of the suspend P-Si is opal but this is surely not true for other regions, even other ologotrophic regions like BATS that receive large inputs of lithogenic Si from time to time via atmospheric deposition. One thing we should pay attention to is that the direct NaOH digestion method (that I think HOT has adopted despite my low-level objection) does not uniquely separate the two phases. The DeMaster time course method, .... is much more time consuming and possibly less precise, does separate biogenic Si from lithogenic Si which is imperative in the abyssal trap analyses. As an aside, when I was in grad school at SIO I took some courses from Ralph Lewin, at the time one of the leading authorities on diatoms. He told us that there is no silicon in nature, so we should never use that term. All Si is combined with O. I never followed up on this claim to see if he was correct and now with the computer chip industry maybe there is some silicon. Back in the early 1970s when I was a student, there were no computers and only a few 'chips' thanks to Gordon Moore and Fairchild.


  1. I made a mistake on Term (18)enrichment_of_13C_in_inorganic_carbon_in_particles_in_sea_water_expressed_as_lowercase_delta_13C_relative_to_VPDB. This should be the same as (11)enrichment_of_13C_in_particulate_carbon_in_sea_water_expressed_as_lowercase_delta_13C_relative_to_VPDB

So, I believe we should end up with only two terms, 10 and 11

roy-lowry commented 2 years ago

I think you are saying that the method you use for silica is the one I'm familiar with from JGOFS which has been termed biogenic silica since the North Atlantic Bloom Experiment (1989 vintage) sediment trapping of Richard Lampitt and Avan Antia. Note I added the two common synonyms for this analyte (opaline silica and opal) to the revised description. I think changing the terminology from what has been used in the past will cause nothing but confusion.

By the way. NaOH digestion won't attack inorganic silica (quartz) - the problem comes from less inert inorganic silicates such as clay minerals. I remember some discussion on this problem during the JGOFS NABE workshop in Kiel and the consensus at that time for North Atlantic waters was that the errors introduced by time course subsampling exceeded the errors due to inorganic contamination.

My major concern is that in proposal (5) the analyte in the Standard Name is biogenic_silica whereas in proposal (16) it is simply silica. Do you agree that (16) should be rewritten to:

sinking_mass_flux_of_biogenic_silica_in_particles_in_sea_water

In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. . Biogenic silica is a hydrated form of silica (silicon dioxide) with the chemical formula SiO2.nH2O sometimes referred to as opaline silica or opal. It is created by biological processes and in sea water it is predominantly the skeletal material of diatoms.

[kg m-2 s-1]

If both (11) and (18) refer to total carbon then I agree that they are duplicates and (18) should be dropped from the proposal.

fcarvalhopacheco commented 2 years ago

Thanks @roy-lowry

1- I agree that (5) should be moles_of_particulate_biogenic_silica_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water with your definition:

The construction "moles_of_X_per_unit_mass_in_Y" is also called "molality" of X in Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". Particulate means suspended solids of all sizes. Biogenic silica is a hydrated form of silica (silicon dioxide) with the chemical formula SiO2.nH2O sometimes referred to as opaline silica or opal. It is created by biological processes and in sea water it is predominantly the skeletal material of diatoms.

2 - I agree that (16) should be sinking_mass_flux_of_biogenic_silica_in_particles_in_sea_water instead of sinking_mass_flux_of_silica_in_particles_in_sea_water.

3 - Terms (11) and (18) are the same so let's drop the last one from the proposal

I will send this to the group and see if they are also ok with our decision.

roy-lowry commented 2 years ago

Excellent. We're getting there :-)

fcarvalhopacheco commented 2 years ago

@JonathanGregory, @roy-lowry

Thanks for all the comments and suggestions.

This is just a heads up that terms (7,8,9 that regards phycoerythrin) are not the priority for HOT right now. So those variables should not delay the rest of the batch. Please disregard those terms to make this approval faster.

Cheers!

fcarvalhopacheco commented 2 years ago

Hi @feggleton, @JonathanGregory

Just checking if we have any updates on this batch.

Cheers

ngalbraith commented 2 years ago

I don't see the phrase 'in_particles' in any existing CF terms, and wonder if that needs to be included in the definitions. Or, maybe it's totally self evident to anyone who might use these new standard names?

feggleton commented 2 years ago

@fcarvalhopacheco I would suggest with these large proposals it would be best to write a comment with a list of the terms you still want in the next table update with the most up to date names and definitions (numbered list seems to work well), then it is clear for people to comment on the final terms if they are approved and they can be easily added to the cfeditor for the next update. There has been some really useful discussion here and we want to capture that and keep the request up to date in a new comment (I did attempt to start this but got lost quite quickly). Thanks so much for all the discussion and taking time to review these terms, looks like there could potentially be more to discuss before they are approved.

feggleton commented 2 years ago

This is the summary of up-to-date terms based on the comments and discussion (I think, please check), thanks @roy-lowry and @JonathanGregory for comments. I've left the number as original to show which terms have been removed.

(1) Term: mole_concentration_of_guanosine_triphosphate_in_sea_water Description: Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction "mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The chemical formula of guanosine triphosphate is C10H16N5O14P3. Units: [mol m-3]

(2)Term: mass_concentration_of_chlorophyll_c4_in_sea_water -Definition: Mass concentration means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. Chlorophylls are the green pigments found in most plants, algae and cyanobacteria; their presence is essential for photosynthesis to take place. There are several different forms of chlorophyll that occur naturally. All contain a chlorin ring (chemical formula C20H16N4) which gives the green pigment and a side chain whose structure varies. The naturally occurring forms of chlorophyll contain between 35 and 55 carbon atoms. -Units: [kg m-3]

(3)Term: moles_of_hydrogen_peroxide_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water -Definition: The construction "moles_of_X_per_unit_mass_in_Y" is also called "molality" of X in Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The chemical formula for hydrogen peroxide is H2O2. -Units: [mol kg-1]

(4)Term: moles_of_nitrous_oxide_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water -Definition: ‘The construction "moles_of_X_per_unit_mass_in_Y" is also called "molality" of X in Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The chemical formula for nitrous oxide is N2O. The equivalent term in the NERC P01 Parameter Usage Vocabulary may be found at http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/DN2OZZ01/. -Units: [mol kg-1]

(5)Term: moles_of_particulate_biogenic_silica_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water

-Definition: The construction "moles_of_X_per_unit_mass_in_Y" is also called "molality" of X in Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". Particulate means suspended solids of all sizes. Biogenic silica is a hydrated form of silica (silicon dioxide) with the chemical formula SiO2.nH2O sometimes referred to as opaline silica or opal. It is created by biological processes and in sea water it is predominantly the skeletal material of diatoms.

-Units: [mol kg-1]

(6)Term: moles_of_particulate_inorganic_carbon_per_unit_mass_of_sea_water -Definition: The construction "moles_of_X_per_unit_mass_in_Y" is also called "molality" of X in Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". Particulate means suspended solids of all sizes. Inorganic carbon is carbon bound in molecules ionically that may be liberated from the particles as carbon dioxide by acidification.

-Units: [mol kg-1]

(10) HOT term: delta_15N_PN CF term: enrichment_of_15N_in_particulate_nitrogen_in_sea_water_expressed_as_lowercase_delta_15N_relative_to_atmospheric_nitrogen -Definition: Isotopic enrichment of 15N, often called delta 15N, is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes 15N:14N. It is a parameterisation of the 15N/14N isotopic ratio in the sample with respect to the isotopic ratio in a reference standard (in this case atmospheric nitrogen). It is computed using the formula (((15N/14N)sample / (15N/14N)standard) - 1) * 1000. Particulate means suspended solids of all sizes.

-Units: dimensionless

(11) CF Term: enrichment_of_13C_in_particulate_carbon_in_sea_water_expressed_as_lowercase_delta_13C_relative_to_VPDB -Definition: Isotopic enrichment of 13C, often called delta 13C, is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes 13C:12C. It is a parameterisation of the 13C/12C isotopic ratio in the sample with respect to the isotopic ratio in a reference standard (in this case Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite). It is computed using the formula (((13C/12C)sample / (13C/12C)standard) - 1) * 1000. Particulate means suspended solids of all sizes.

-Units: dimensionless

(12)Term: sinking_mass_flux_of_carbon_in_particles_in_sea_water -Definition: In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. -Units: [kg m-2 s-1]

(13)Term: sinking_mass_flux_of_nitrogen_in_particles_in_sea_water -Definition: In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. -Units: [kg m-2 s-1]

(14)Term: sinking_mass_flux_of_mass_in_particles_in_sea_water -Definition: In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. -Units: [kg m-2 s-1]

(15)Term: sinking_mass_flux_of_phosphorus_in_particles_in_sea_water -Definition: In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. -Units: [kg m-2 s-1]

(16)Term: sinking_mass_flux_of_biogenic_silica_in_particles_in_sea_water

-Definition: In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. -Units: [kg m-2 s-1]

(19)Term: sinking_mass_flux_of_inorganic_carbon_in_particles_in_sea_water

-Definition: In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. Inorganic carbon is carbon bound in molecules ionically that may be liberated from the particles as carbon dioxide by acidification.

-Units: [kg m-2 s-1]

fcarvalhopacheco commented 2 years ago

Thanks @feggleton.

I am ok with your list for now. We can discuss (7),(8),(9) to decide the appropriate name later on.

Cheers!

JonathanGregory commented 2 years ago

Dear all

I believe that the proposals which involved describing particle size numerically have been omitted for the moment. That is fine. We can come back to them.

Roy's definitions of dissolved and particulate are fine. I think Nan @ngalbraith is asking for a definition of the new phrase in_particles. What is the distinction between particulate_X and X_in_particles?

Best wishes

Jonathan

ngalbraith commented 2 years ago

Thanks, Jonathan, yes. My question should have been more clear - Is 'in_particles' synonymous with 'particulate', and, if so, why are you using both? And, if they are not synonymous, should the difference be part of the definition of the terms in which 'in_particles' appears?

Thanks - Nan

roy-lowry commented 2 years ago

Thanks @JonathanGregory for the clarification of @ngalbraith query and she's quite right to question. They are synonyms. There are several precedents for 'particulate' in existing Standard Names so I think:

sinking_mass_flux_of_carbon_in_particles_in_sea_water sinking_mass_flux_of_nitrogen_in_particles_in_sea_water sinking_mass_flux_of_mass_in_particles_in_sea_water sinking_mass_flux_of_phosphorus_in_particles_in_sea_water sinking_mass_flux_of_biogenic_silica_in_particles_in_sea_water sinking_mass_flux_of_inorganic_carbon_in_particles_in_sea_water

could be replaced by:

sinking_mass_flux_of_particulate_carbon_in_sea_water sinking_mass_flux_of_particulate_nitrogen_in_sea_water sinking_mass_flux_of_particulate_matter_in_sea_water sinking_mass_flux_of_particulate_phosphorus_in_sea_water sinking_mass_flux_of_particulate_biogenic_silica_in_sea_water sinking_mass_flux_of_particulate_inorganic_carbon_in_sea_water

@fcarvalhopacheco Are you happy with this?

fcarvalhopacheco commented 2 years ago

Thanks all for the comments and suggestions.

I just sent and email to the group, and will get back to you once I have an answer.

Cheers

JonathanGregory commented 2 years ago

That's a good point. I suggest sinking_mass_flux_of_particulate_matter_in_sea_water, since particulate_matter is an existing phrase. Jonathan

roy-lowry commented 2 years ago

@fcarvalhopacheco I did go for 'particulate_mass' at first, but changed when I found the 'paticulate_matter' precedent referred to by @JonathanGregory in the existing Standard Names. I was looking because I was uncomfortable with the way 'mass of particulate mass' read.

fcarvalhopacheco commented 2 years ago

Hi,

We are ok with the changes:

Here is an up-to-date terms based on the comments

(1) Term: mole_concentration_of_guanosine_triphosphate_in_sea_water Description: Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction "mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The chemical formula of guanosine triphosphate is C10H16N5O14P3. Units: [mol m-3]

(2)Term: mass_concentration_of_chlorophyll_c4_in_sea_water -Definition: Mass concentration means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as 'nitrogen' or a phrase such as 'nox_expressed_as_nitrogen'. Chlorophylls are the green pigments found in most plants, algae and cyanobacteria; their presence is essential for photosynthesis to take place. There are several different forms of chlorophyll that occur naturally. All contain a chlorin ring (chemical formula C20H16N4) which gives the green pigment and a side chain whose structure varies. The naturally occurring forms of chlorophyll contain between 35 and 55 carbon atoms. -Units: [kg m-3]

(3)Term: moles_of_hydrogen_peroxide_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water -Definition: The construction "moles_of_X_per_unit_mass_in_Y" is also called "molality" of X in Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The chemical formula for hydrogen peroxide is H2O2. -Units: [mol kg-1]

(4)Term: moles_of_nitrous_oxide_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water -Definition: ‘The construction "moles_of_X_per_unit_mass_in_Y" is also called "molality" of X in Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The chemical formula for nitrous oxide is N2O. The equivalent term in the NERC P01 Parameter Usage Vocabulary may be found at http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/DN2OZZ01/. -Units: [mol kg-1]

(5)Term: moles_of_particulate_biogenic_silica_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water

-Definition: The construction "moles_of_X_per_unit_mass_in_Y" is also called "molality" of X in Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". Particulate means suspended solids of all sizes. Biogenic silica is a hydrated form of silica (silicon dioxide) with the chemical formula SiO2.nH2O sometimes referred to as opaline silica or opal. It is created by biological processes and in sea water it is predominantly the skeletal material of diatoms.

-Units: [mol kg-1]

(6)Term: moles_of_particulate_inorganic_carbon_per_unit_mass_of_sea_water -Definition: The construction "moles_of_X_per_unit_mass_in_Y" is also called "molality" of X in Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". Particulate means suspended solids of all sizes. Inorganic carbon is carbon bound in molecules ionically that may be liberated from the particles as carbon dioxide by acidification.

-Units: [mol kg-1]

(10) HOT term: delta_15N_PN CF term: enrichment_of_15N_in_particulate_nitrogen_in_sea_water_expressed_as_lowercase_delta_15N_relative_to_atmospheric_nitrogen -Definition: Isotopic enrichment of 15N, often called delta 15N, is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes 15N:14N. It is a parameterisation of the 15N/14N isotopic ratio in the sample with respect to the isotopic ratio in a reference standard (in this case atmospheric nitrogen). It is computed using the formula (((15N/14N)sample / (15N/14N)standard) - 1) * 1000. Particulate means suspended solids of all sizes.

-Units: dimensionless

(11) CF Term: enrichment_of_13C_in_particulate_carbon_in_sea_water_expressed_as_lowercase_delta_13C_relative_to_VPDB -Definition: Isotopic enrichment of 13C, often called delta 13C, is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes 13C:12C. It is a parameterisation of the 13C/12C isotopic ratio in the sample with respect to the isotopic ratio in a reference standard (in this case Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite). It is computed using the formula (((13C/12C)sample / (13C/12C)standard) - 1) * 1000. Particulate means suspended solids of all sizes.

-Units: dimensionless

(12)Term: sinking_mass_flux_of_particulate_carbon_in_sea_water -Definition: In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. -Units: [kg m-2 s-1]

(13)Term: sinking_mass_flux_of_particulate_nitrogen_in_sea_water -Definition: In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. -Units: [kg m-2 s-1]

(14)Term: sinking_mass_flux_of_particulate_matter_in_sea_water -Definition: In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. -Units: [kg m-2 s-1]

(15)Term: sinking_mass_flux_of_particulate_phosphorus_in_sea_water -Definition: In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. -Units: [kg m-2 s-1]

(16)Term:sinking_mass_flux_of_particulate_biogenic_silica_in_sea_water

-Definition: In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. -Units: [kg m-2 s-1]

(19)Term: sinking_mass_flux_of_particulate_inorganic_carbon_in_sea_water

-Definition: In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. 'Sinking' is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. Inorganic carbon is carbon bound in molecules ionically that may be liberated from the particles as carbon dioxide by acidification.

-Units: [kg m-2 s-1]

feggleton commented 2 years ago

Hi all,

Looks like these terms have been reviewed and discussed well. I can see a couple of thumbs up on the latest version of the terms which is good! @japamment can you check the terms are up to date on the cfeditor?

If there are no further comments and queries about these terms in the next 7 days then these can be accepted. (noting that terms 7,8,9 have been put on pause for now.

Thanks

feggleton commented 2 years ago

Thanks these can now be accepted @japamment and will be included in the next update, after which this ticket will be closed.