(standard Beta decay)

[regsoft]

No such thing. Beta decay can be beta- or beta+ and both are referred to as such. Radiative Electron Capture (REC) is just an outer electron dropping in to fill the lower orbital location left empty by the capture. It is always an Xray.

[regsoft]

In Average Allowed Confinment hbar is h/2pi. is 2 supposed to remain in the denominator?

[regsoft]

You state Curiously, we will find that the maximum power occurs in the range 0.004 < L < 0.009 (A). But that is the range that the power out is positive. The maximium is at 0.009 and falls to 0 below .004

[charlesmartin14]

It falls below 10^0, not 0. the power ratio is never 0

on REC, a photon is not always created in beta decay. internal conversion is also possible so that atomic electrons may be ejected when interacting with the nucleus.

see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_capture

"The daughter nuclide, if it is in an excited state, then transitions to its ground state. Usually, a gamma ray is emitted during this transition, but nuclear de-excitation may also take place by internal conversion."

this may be confusing because it depends on the reference frame. ill clean it up

[charlesmartin14]

Ill double check the average allowed confinement...if you post questions as separate comments so i can respond to each individually

[regsoft]

Yes but if a photon is produced it's an x-ray

-- sent from my phone This message is intended only for the use of the individual or entity to which it is addressed and may contain information that is privileged, confidential, and/or exempt from disclosure by applicable law or court order. If the reader of this message is not the intended recipient, or the employee or agent responsible for delivering the message to the intended recipient, please do not use, disseminate, distribute, or copy this communication. If you have received this communication in error, please notify us immediately by return e-mail at the above address. Please also delete all copies of this message from your computer system. We appreciate your consideration Scientists study the world as it is, Engineers create the world that never has been. Tuesday, 06 September 2016, 05:53PM -07:00 from Charles Martin notifications@github.com :

It falls below 10^0, not 0. the power ratio is never 0 on REC, a photon is not always created in beta decay. — You are receiving this because you authored the thread. Reply to this email directly, view it on GitHub , or mute the thread .

[charlesmartin14]

"Following capture of an inner electron from the atom, an outer electron replaces the electron that was captured and one or more characteristic X-ray photons is emitted in this process."

Ill add the Xray in

It needs to be cleaned up...this is more a skeleton of what I am trying to say

the probability of gamma ray emission is ~10^-4

The reason I wrote it like this is to emphasize the effects that occur before the outer electron is captured...since we don't have any outer electrons. So there would be no xrays in this confined electron capture model

[regsoft]

Thanks, got it. Best regards, Robert E. Godes President and Chief Technology Officer Brillouin Energy Corp. V (510) 821-1432 F (510) 280-3137 This message is intended only for the use of the individual or entity to which it is addressed and may contain information that is privileged, confidential, and/or exempt from disclosure by applicable law or court order.  If the reader of this message is not the intended recipient, or the employee or agent responsible for delivering the message to the intended recipient, please do not use, disseminate, distribute, or copy this communication.  If you have received this communication in error, please notify us immediately by return e-mail at the above address.  Please also delete all copies of this message from your computer system.  We appreciate your considerationScientists study the world as it is, Engineers create the world that never has been. -- Theodore van Karman --

  From: Charles Martin <notifications@github.com>

To: charlesmartin14/brillouin brillouin@noreply.github.com Cc: regsoft github@brillouinenergy.com; Author author@noreply.github.com Sent: Tuesday, September 6, 2016 11:27 PM Subject: Re: [charlesmartin14/brillouin](standard Beta decay) (#2)

"Following capture of an inner electron from the atom, an outer electron replaces the electron that was captured and one or more characteristic X-ray photons is emitted in this process."Ill add the Xray inIt needs to be cleaned up...this is more a skeleton of what I am trying to sayThe reason I wrote it like this is to emphasize the effects that occur before the outer electron is captured...since we don't have any outer electrons. So there would be no xrays in this confined electron capture model— You are receiving this because you authored the thread. Reply to this email directly, view it on GitHub, or mute the thread.

[charlesmartin14]

A good example: http://cat.middlebury.edu/~PHManual/gamma.html

Electron Capture. In this decay process, an atomic electron is captured by the 22Na nucleus in the reaction

22Na + e- --> 22Ne*(1.275 MeV) + (9.5% of all decays)

and a monoenergetic neutrino is emitted. The electron capture process populates only the first excited state of 22Ne at 1.275 MeV and therefore characteristic 1.275 MeV gamma rays result. Annihilation gamma rays at 0.511 MeV are not produced in electron capture because positrons are not created.

This brings up a question I don't fully know how to address yet, and, that is, does the bare proton end up in some kind of excited state after electron capture? It is a quantum mechanical object, but it is not a nucleus, and I think the excited states are nucleon excited states--and that is why they undergo either internal conversion or gamma emission . So it is unclear to me what would happen.

---

After EC it is no longer a proton. Is there such a thing as an excited neutron? does that just under go an immediate beta- decay? Maybe it just forms with the extra energy that appears as motion?

[regsoft]

We do not expect to see significant gamma in our systems. We do / have seen X-rays from beta- decay. There may be an occasional gamma from errant neutron accumulation onto other elements in the core. IE 27Al+n -> 28Si + gamma + v. Best regards, Robert E. Godes President and Chief Technology Officer Brillouin Energy Corp. V (510) 821-1432 F (510) 280-3137 This message is intended only for the use of the individual or entity to which it is addressed and may contain information that is privileged, confidential, and/or exempt from disclosure by applicable law or court order.  If the reader of this message is not the intended recipient, or the employee or agent responsible for delivering the message to the intended recipient, please do not use, disseminate, distribute, or copy this communication.  If you have received this communication in error, please notify us immediately by return e-mail at the above address.  Please also delete all copies of this message from your computer system.  We appreciate your considerationScientists study the world as it is, Engineers create the world that never has been. -- Theodore van Karman --

  From: Charles Martin <notifications@github.com>

To: charlesmartin14/brillouin brillouin@noreply.github.com Cc: regsoft github@brillouinenergy.com; Author author@noreply.github.com Sent: Wednesday, September 7, 2016 10:10 AM Subject: Re: [charlesmartin14/brillouin](standard Beta decay) (#2)

Im not sure of yet if you we would expect to see gamma rays in the reactor, but it may be possible. he emission rate is very low. In that case, it may be possible to argue electron capture is going on if they can be detected using a commercial device.— You are receiving this because you authored the thread. Reply to this email directly, view it on GitHub, or mute the thread.

[charlesmartin14]

gotcha. thanks

[charlesmartin14]

Please let me know if the current text makes sense.

Also...what I was trying to get it at is, if someone has confined electron capture, what can they observe to distinguish this from some other process ?