Align and update spacy touch points to match v3

[bdewilde]

Description

• restricts the functionality of textacy.load_spacy_lang() to only accept full spaCy language pipeline names or paths to them, in accordance with v3's removal of pipeline aliases and general tightening-up of their specification and configuration
  • unfortunately, we can no longer play fast and lose with automatic language identification => pipeline loading 🙁
  • as a result, textacy.augmentation.Augmenter.apply_transforms() now requires passing in the Doc object as well as the Language used to process it
• extends textacy.make_spacy_doc() to accept a chunk_size arg that splits the input text into chunks then processes them individually before concatenating into a single Doc; useful when processing very long texts
  • this expands and replaces the functionality in spacier.utils.make_doc_from_text_chunks(), which is now deprecated
• adds doc extensions for textacy.extract functions, as an alternate, spaCy-centric API
  • most functions have exact analogues: for example, to extract acronyms from a document, use either textacy.extract.acronyms(doc) or doc._.extract_acronyms()
  • keyterm extraction functions share a single doc extension: for example, textacy.extract.keyterms.textrank(doc) == doc._.extract_keyterms(method="textrank")
  • relatedly, extends extract.keyword_in_context() to accept Doc objects in addition to str, so that it be used like any other extract function, including via doc extension
• removes redundant doc extensions:
  • Doc._.lang => use Doc.lang_ instead
  • Doc._.tokens => use iter(Doc) instead
• moves "textacy_text_stats" language component into the text_stats subpackage; functionality is the same, but to add to a pipeline users must first import textacy.text_stats
• adds top-level types.py module for shared type definitions (e.g. DocLike = Union[Doc, Span] and LangLike = Union[str, Path, Language]), and uses them throughout the code base
  • also, just generally improves and tightens up type annotations all over
• modestly improves some tests and docs

Motivation and Context

spaCy v3 made many significant changes wrt specifying and configuring language pipelines, and that has many knock-on effects for textacy. Otherwise, I'm trying to better compartmentalize and establish consistent APIs for particular use cases, so users understand the various ways to use the lib without having to use all of it.

How Has This Been Tested?

all the tests pass

Screenshots (if appropriate):

Types of changes

• [x] Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• [x] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• [x] Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)

Checklist:

• [x] My code follows the code style of this project.
• [x] My change requires a change to the documentation, and I have updated it accordingly.