Use defaults and property types to simplify cheffish resources

[jkeiser]

This patch:

• Converts to new property type syntax (property :x, Type instead of property :x, kind_of: Type)
• Moves chef_server, raw_json and complete properties to the base class, since it's common to all resources
• Removes NOT_PASSED conditional definitions (compat_resource takes care of this)
• Moves node properties into a properties mixin--include makes more sense than a mysterious method call.
• Adds Boolean and ArrayType to cover the array and boolean idioms we have
• Shortens up some property types that had redundancies with type: Symbol and equal_to: [ :a, :b, :c ]
• Simplifies data bag item to use lazy defaults instead of weird setter logic

[tyler-ball]

:+1:

[jkeiser]

Merged to master as c6a10dab9405f413ed5f85b1fee31a8f1360df90