This is actually left-over from #3. You need to turn of automatic factorization of your strings. The read.table functions have a parameter called stringsAsFactors, you need to use that so your character-containing columns stay as "simple" characters, instead of being converted to factors. Remember, the ? help function will tell you (often in gory detail) everything you need to know about functions (and other parts of R, too).
Further, doing a web search and looking for the StackExchange / StackOverflow entries is a great way to find information quickly and directly, or simply remind you of something you once knew and forgot. That community is so heavily used by developers that it has memes dedicated to it.
This is actually left-over from #3. You need to turn of automatic factorization of your strings. The
read.table
functions have a parameter calledstringsAsFactors
, you need to use that so your character-containing columns stay as "simple" characters, instead of being converted to factors. Remember, the?
help function will tell you (often in gory detail) everything you need to know about functions (and other parts of R, too).Further, doing a web search and looking for the StackExchange / StackOverflow entries is a great way to find information quickly and directly, or simply remind you of something you once knew and forgot. That community is so heavily used by developers that it has memes dedicated to it.