Feature model - Githubissues

I'd like to start discussing how to incorporate the feature model I have been developing. Mattis has already seen some (very) preliminary results.

As I had already discussed last year, my model is far from the generativist proposals, as features are not strictly distinctive and never boolean (the code "masks" it for the user, so one can refer to a value as True or False, but everything is stored and operated as a floating point value in range [0.0, 1.0]). The main advantage over the system in Phoible, in my opinion, is the assumption that all active and passive articulators are independent (which it is not true physiologically, of course, but makes much more sense from a descriptive point of view, especially when considering non-European languages) and the clear distinction between sounds ("simple" and "unique" sound productions) and segments (composed of one or more sounds, thus covering diphthongs, vowel tones, complex clicks, and allowing to differentiate between clusters and phones, such as in the distinction between affricates and sequences of stop+fricative).

My idea was to fork the repository so I would not mess it, but I can't do that without making it public. As an alternative, I could fork the repository in BitBucket and give you access to it. I still need a working name for it, I was thinking of DFM (Descriptive Feature Model). The code for conversion from/to IPA descriptors/grapheme is still too raw and I need to work some parts of the string representation of counter segments, but all other single-sound segments from BIPA (with the exception of aliases and some manually excluded entries, such as unreleased plosives) are covered; code tests guarantee that they are unique.

{'a': ([-------+------------m---+-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'open', 'front', 'vowel']), 'aː': ([-------+------------v---+-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'open', 'front', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ã': ([-------+------------m--++-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'open', 'front', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ãː': ([-------+------------v--++-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'open', 'front', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'b': ([---?---+------------m-+-?-m+--+-----+---], ['pulmonic', 'plosive', 'bilabial', 'voiced']), 'c': ([---?-+-+-------+----m---?-++--+---------], ['pulmonic', 'plosive', 'palatal', 'voiceless']), 'cʼ': ([---?-+-+----+--+----m---?-++------------], ['ejective', 'plosive', 'palatal', 'voiceless']), 'd': ([+--?+--+------------m---?-m+--+---------], ['pulmonic', 'plosive', 'alveolar', 'voiced']), 'd̠': ([---?+--+------------m---?-m++-+---------], ['pulmonic', 'plosive', 'palato-alveolar', 'voiced']), 'd̪': ([---?---+------------m---?-m+--+---+--+--], ['pulmonic', 'plosive', 'dental', 'voiced']), 'e': ([-------+------------m---h-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'close-mid', 'front', 'vowel']), 'eː': ([-------+------------v---h-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'close-mid', 'front', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ẽ': ([-------+------------m--+h-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'close-mid', 'front', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ẽː': ([-------+------------v--+h-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'close-mid', 'front', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'e̞': ([-------+------------m---m-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'mid', 'front', 'vowel']), 'e̞ː': ([-------+------------v---m-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'mid', 'front', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ẽ̞': ([-------+------------m--+m-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'mid', 'front', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ẽ̞ː': ([-------+------------v--+m-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'mid', 'front', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'f': ([---?---+--+---------m-+-?-+---+------+--], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'labiodental', 'voiceless']), 'fʼ': ([---?---+--+-+-------m-+-?-+----------+--], ['ejective', 'fricative', 'labiodental', 'voiceless']), 'g': ([---?-+-+------------m---?-m+--+-+-------], ['pulmonic', 'plosive', 'velar', 'voiced']), 'h': ([---?---+--+--+----+-m---?-+---+---------], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'glottal', 'voiceless']), 'i': ([-------+------------m-----m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'close', 'front', 'vowel']), 'iː': ([-------+------------v-----m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'close', 'front', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ĩ': ([-------+------------m--+--m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'close', 'front', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ĩː': ([-------+------------v--+--m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'close', 'front', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'j': ([-+-?-+-+-------+----m---?-m---+---------], ['pulmonic', 'approximant', 'palatal', 'voiced']), 'k': ([---?-+-+------------m---?-++--+-+-------], ['pulmonic', 'plosive', 'velar', 'voiceless']), 'kʰ': ([---?-+-+------------m---?-++-t+-+-------], ['pulmonic', 'plosive', 'velar', 'voiceless', 'aspirated']), 'kʼ': ([---?-+-+----+-------m---?-++----+-------], ['ejective', 'plosive', 'velar', 'voiceless']), 'l': ([++-?+--+-----------+m---?-m---+---------], ['pulmonic', 'approximant', 'lateral', 'alveolar', 'voiced']), 'l̥': ([++-?+--+-----------+m---?-+---+---------], ['pulmonic', 'approximant', 'lateral', 'alveolar', 'voiceless']), 'm': ([---?---+------------m-++?-m+--+-----+---], ['pulmonic', 'nasal', 'plosive', 'bilabial', 'voiced']), 'm̥': ([---?---+------------m-++?-++--+-----+---], ['pulmonic', 'nasal', 'plosive', 'bilabial', 'voiceless']), 'n': ([+--?+--+------------m--+?-m+--+---------], ['pulmonic', 'nasal', 'plosive', 'alveolar', 'voiced']), 'n̥': ([+--?+--+------------m--+?-++--+---------], ['pulmonic', 'nasal', 'plosive', 'alveolar', 'voiceless']), 'o': ([---+---+---------+--m---h-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'close-mid', 'back', 'vowel']), 'oː': ([---+---+---------+--v---h-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'close-mid', 'back', 'vowel', 'long']), 'õ': ([---+---+---------+--m--+h-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'close-mid', 'back', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'õː': ([---+---+---------+--v--+h-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'close-mid', 'back', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'o̞': ([---+---+---------+--m---m-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'mid', 'back', 'vowel']), 'o̞ː': ([---+---+---------+--v---m-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'mid', 'back', 'vowel', 'long']), 'õ̞': ([---+---+---------+--m--+m-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'mid', 'back', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'õ̞ː': ([---+---+---------+--v--+m-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'mid', 'back', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'p': ([---?---+------------m-+-?-++--+-----+---], ['pulmonic', 'plosive', 'bilabial', 'voiceless']), 'pʰ': ([---?---+------------m-+-?-++-t+-----+---], ['pulmonic', 'plosive', 'bilabial', 'voiceless', 'aspirated']), 'pʼ': ([---?---+----+-------m-+-?-++--------+---], ['ejective', 'plosive', 'bilabial', 'voiceless']), 'q': ([---?-+-+------------m---?-++--+-------+-], ['pulmonic', 'plosive', 'uvular', 'voiceless']), 'qʼ': ([---?-+-+----+-------m---?-++----------+-], ['ejective', 'plosive', 'uvular', 'voiceless']), 'r': ([+--?+--+------------m---?-m---+----+----], ['pulmonic', 'trill', 'alveolar', 'voiced']), 'r̥': ([+--?+--+------------m---?-+---+----+----], ['pulmonic', 'trill', 'alveolar', 'voiceless']), 's': ([+--?+--+--+---------m---?-+---+---------], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'alveolar', 'voiceless']), 'sʼ': ([+--?+--+--+-+-------m---?-+-------------], ['ejective', 'fricative', 'alveolar', 'voiceless']), 't': ([+--?+--+------------m---?-++--+---------], ['pulmonic', 'plosive', 'alveolar', 'voiceless']), 'tʰ': ([+--?+--+------------m---?-++-t+---------], ['pulmonic', 'plosive', 'alveolar', 'voiceless', 'aspirated']), 'tʼ': ([+--?+--+----+-------m---?-++------------], ['ejective', 'plosive', 'alveolar', 'voiceless']), 't̠': ([---?+--+------------m---?-+++-+---------], ['pulmonic', 'plosive', 'palato-alveolar', 'voiceless']), 't̪': ([---?---+------------m---?-++--+---+--+--], ['pulmonic', 'plosive', 'dental', 'voiceless']), 'u': ([---+---+---------+--m-----m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'close', 'back', 'vowel']), 'uː': ([---+---+---------+--v-----m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'close', 'back', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ũ': ([---+---+---------+--m--+--m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'close', 'back', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ũː': ([---+---+---------+--v--+--m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'close', 'back', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'v': ([---?---+--+---------m-+-?-m---+------+--], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'labiodental', 'voiced']), 'w': ([-+-?-+-+---+-----+--m-+-?-m---+-+---+---], ['pulmonic', 'approximant', 'labialized', 'velar', 'voiced']), 'x': ([---?-+-+--+---------m---?-+---+-+-------], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'velar', 'voiceless']), 'xʼ': ([---?-+-+--+-+-------m---?-+-----+-------], ['ejective', 'fricative', 'velar', 'voiceless']), 'y': ([-------+---------+--m-----m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'close', 'front', 'vowel']), 'yː': ([-------+---------+--v-----m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'close', 'front', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ỹ': ([-------+---------+--m--+--m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'close', 'front', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ỹː': ([-------+---------+--v--+--m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'close', 'front', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'z': ([+--?+--+--+---------m---?-m---+---------], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'alveolar', 'voiced']), 'æ': ([-------+------------m---v-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'near-open', 'front', 'vowel']), 'æː': ([-------+------------v---v-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'near-open', 'front', 'vowel', 'long']), 'æ̃': ([-------+------------m--+v-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'near-open', 'front', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'æ̃ː': ([-------+------------v--+v-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'near-open', 'front', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ç': ([---?-+-+--+----+----m---?-+---+---------], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'palatal', 'voiceless']), 'ð': ([---?---+--+---------m---?-m---+---+--+--], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'dental', 'voiced']), 'ð̞': ([-+-?---+------------m---?-m---+---+--+--], ['pulmonic', 'approximant', 'dental', 'voiced']), 'ø': ([-------+---------+--m---h-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'close-mid', 'front', 'vowel']), 'øː': ([-------+---------+--v---h-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'close-mid', 'front', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ø̃': ([-------+---------+--m--+h-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'close-mid', 'front', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ø̃ː': ([-------+---------+--v--+h-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'close-mid', 'front', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ø̞': ([-------+---------+--m---m-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'mid', 'front', 'vowel']), 'ø̞ː': ([-------+---------+--v---m-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'mid', 'front', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ø̞̃': ([-------+---------+--m--+m-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'mid', 'front', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ø̞̃ː': ([-------+---------+--v--+m-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'mid', 'front', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ħ': ([---?---+--+---------m---?++---++--------], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'pharyngeal', 'voiceless']), 'ŋ': ([---?-+-+------------m--+?-m+--+-+-------], ['pulmonic', 'nasal', 'plosive', 'velar', 'voiced']), 'ŋ̊': ([---?-+-+------------m--+?-++--+-+-------], ['pulmonic', 'nasal', 'plosive', 'velar', 'voiceless']), 'œ': ([-------+---------+--m---q-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'open-mid', 'front', 'vowel']), 'œː': ([-------+---------+--v---q-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'open-mid', 'front', 'vowel', 'long']), 'œ̃': ([-------+---------+--m--+q-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'open-mid', 'front', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'œ̃ː': ([-------+---------+--v--+q-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'open-mid', 'front', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ɐ': ([---m---+------------m---v-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'near-open', 'central', 'vowel']), 'ɐː': ([---m---+------------v---v-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'near-open', 'central', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ɐ̃': ([---m---+------------m--+v-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'near-open', 'central', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ɐ̃ː': ([---m---+------------v--+v-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'near-open', 'central', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ɑ': ([---+---+------------m---+-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'open', 'back', 'vowel']), 'ɑː': ([---+---+------------v---+-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'open', 'back', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ɑ̃': ([---+---+------------m--++-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'open', 'back', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ɑ̃ː': ([---+---+------------v--++-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'open', 'back', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ɒ': ([---+---+---------+--m---+-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'open', 'back', 'vowel']), 'ɒː': ([---+---+---------+--v---+-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'open', 'back', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ɒ̃': ([---+---+---------+--m--++-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'open', 'back', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ɒ̃ː': ([---+---+---------+--v--++-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'open', 'back', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ɓ': ([---?--------+---+---m-+-?-m+--------+---], ['implosive', 'plosive', 'bilabial', 'voiced']), 'ɔ': ([---+---+---------+--m---q-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'open-mid', 'back', 'vowel']), 'ɔː': ([---+---+---------+--v---q-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'open-mid', 'back', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ɔ̃': ([---+---+---------+--m--+q-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'open-mid', 'back', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ɔ̃ː': ([---+---+---------+--v--+q-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'open-mid', 'back', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ɕ': ([---?-+-+--+---------m---?-+-+-+---------], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'alveolo-palatal', 'voiceless']), 'ɖ': ([---?---+-------+----m---?-m+--+--+------], ['pulmonic', 'plosive', 'retroflex', 'voiced']), 'ɗ': ([---?--------+---+---m---?-m+------+--+--], ['implosive', 'plosive', 'dental', 'voiced']), 'ɘ': ([---m---+------------m---h-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'close-mid', 'central', 'vowel']), 'ɘː': ([---m---+------------v---h-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'close-mid', 'central', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ɘ̃': ([---m---+------------m--+h-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'close-mid', 'central', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ɘ̃ː': ([---m---+------------v--+h-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'close-mid', 'central', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ə': ([---m---+------------m---m-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'mid', 'central', 'vowel']), 'əː': ([---m---+------------v---m-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'mid', 'central', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ə̃': ([---m---+------------m--+m-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'mid', 'central', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ə̃ː': ([---m---+------------v--+m-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'mid', 'central', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ɛ': ([-------+------------m---q-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'open-mid', 'front', 'vowel']), 'ɛː': ([-------+------------v---q-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'open-mid', 'front', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ɛ̃': ([-------+------------m--+q-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'open-mid', 'front', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ɛ̃ː': ([-------+------------v--+q-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'open-mid', 'front', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ɜ': ([---m---+------------m---q-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'open-mid', 'central', 'vowel']), 'ɜː': ([---m---+------------v---q-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'open-mid', 'central', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ɜ̃': ([---m---+------------m--+q-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'open-mid', 'central', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ɜ̃ː': ([---m---+------------v--+q-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'open-mid', 'central', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ɞ': ([---m---+---------+--m---q-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'open-mid', 'central', 'vowel']), 'ɞː': ([---m---+---------+--v---q-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'open-mid', 'central', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ɞ̃': ([---m---+---------+--m--+q-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'open-mid', 'central', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ɞ̃ː': ([---m---+---------+--v--+q-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'open-mid', 'central', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ɞ̞': ([---m---+---------+--m---v-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'near-open', 'central', 'vowel']), 'ɞ̞ː': ([---m---+---------+--v---v-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'near-open', 'central', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ɞ̞̃': ([---m---+---------+--m--+v-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'near-open', 'central', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ɞ̞̃ː': ([---m---+---------+--v--+v-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'near-open', 'central', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ɟ': ([---?-+-+-------+----m---?-m+--+---------], ['pulmonic', 'plosive', 'palatal', 'voiced']), 'ɠ': ([---?-+------+---+---m---?-m+----+-------], ['implosive', 'plosive', 'velar', 'voiced']), 'ɢ': ([---?-+-+------------m---?-m+--+-------+-], ['pulmonic', 'plosive', 'uvular', 'voiced']), 'ɣ': ([---?-+-+--+---------m---?-m---+-+-------], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'velar', 'voiced']), 'ɤ': ([---+---+------------m---h-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'close-mid', 'back', 'vowel']), 'ɤː': ([---+---+------------v---h-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'close-mid', 'back', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ɤ̃': ([---+---+------------m--+h-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'close-mid', 'back', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ɤ̃ː': ([---+---+------------v--+h-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'close-mid', 'back', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ɤ̞': ([---+---+------------m---m-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'mid', 'back', 'vowel']), 'ɤ̞ː': ([---+---+------------v---m-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'mid', 'back', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ɤ̞̃': ([---+---+------------m--+m-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'mid', 'back', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ɤ̞̃ː': ([---+---+------------v--+m-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'mid', 'back', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ɥ': ([-+-?-+-+---+---+-+--m-+-?-m---+-----+---], ['pulmonic', 'approximant', 'labialized', 'palatal', 'voiced']), 'ɦ': ([---?---+--+--+----+-m---?-m---+---------], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'glottal', 'voiced']), 'ɧ': ([---?++-+--+---------m---?-+-+-+-+-------], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'palatal-velar', 'voiceless']), 'ɨ': ([---m---+------------m-----m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'close', 'central', 'vowel']), 'ɨː': ([---m---+------------v-----m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'close', 'central', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ɨ̃': ([---m---+------------m--+--m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'close', 'central', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ɨ̃ː': ([---m---+------------v--+--m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'close', 'central', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ɪ': ([---f---+------------m---d-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'near-close', 'near-front', 'vowel']), 'ɪː': ([---f---+------------v---d-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'near-close', 'near-front', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ɪ̃': ([---f---+------------m--+d-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'near-close', 'near-front', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ɪ̃ː': ([---f---+------------v--+d-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'near-close', 'near-front', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ɪ̈': ([---m---+------------m---d-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'near-close', 'central', 'vowel']), 'ɪ̈ː': ([---m---+------------v---d-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'near-close', 'central', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ɪ̈̃': ([---m---+------------m--+d-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'near-close', 'central', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ɪ̈̃ː': ([---m---+------------v--+d-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'near-close', 'central', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ɬ': ([+--?+--+--+--------+m---?-+---+---------], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'lateral', 'alveolar', 'voiceless']), 'ɬ’': ([+--?+--+--+-+------+m---?-+-------------], ['ejective', 'fricative', 'lateral', 'alveolar', 'voiceless']), 'ɭ': ([-+-?---+-------+---+m---?-m---+--+------], ['pulmonic', 'approximant', 'lateral', 'retroflex', 'voiced']), 'ɭ̊': ([-+-?---+-------+---+m---?-+---+--+------], ['pulmonic', 'approximant', 'lateral', 'retroflex', 'voiceless']), 'ɮ': ([+--?+--+--+--------+m---?-m---+---------], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'lateral', 'alveolar', 'voiced']), 'ɯ': ([---+---+------------m-----m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'close', 'back', 'vowel']), 'ɯː': ([---+---+------------v-----m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'close', 'back', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ɯ̃': ([---+---+------------m--+--m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'close', 'back', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ɯ̃ː': ([---+---+------------v--+--m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'close', 'back', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ɯ̽': ([---t---+------------m---d-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'near-close', 'near-back', 'vowel']), 'ɯ̽ː': ([---t---+------------v---d-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'near-close', 'near-back', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ɯ̽̃': ([---t---+------------m--+d-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'near-close', 'near-back', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ɯ̽̃ː': ([---t---+------------v--+d-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'near-close', 'near-back', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ɰ': ([-+-?-+-+------------m---?-m---+-+-------], ['pulmonic', 'approximant', 'velar', 'voiced']), 'ɱ': ([---?---+------------m-++?-m+--+------+--], ['pulmonic', 'nasal', 'plosive', 'labiodental', 'voiced']), 'ɱ̊': ([---?---+------------m-++?-++--+------+--], ['pulmonic', 'nasal', 'plosive', 'labiodental', 'voiceless']), 'ɲ': ([---?-+-+-------+----m--+?-m+--+---------], ['pulmonic', 'nasal', 'plosive', 'palatal', 'voiced']), 'ɲ̊': ([---?-+-+-------+----m--+?-++--+---------], ['pulmonic', 'nasal', 'plosive', 'palatal', 'voiceless']), 'ɳ': ([---?---+-------+----m--+?-m+--+--+------], ['pulmonic', 'nasal', 'plosive', 'retroflex', 'voiced']), 'ɳ̊': ([---?---+-------+----m--+?-++--+--+------], ['pulmonic', 'nasal', 'plosive', 'retroflex', 'voiceless']), 'ɴ': ([---?-+-+------------m--+?-m+--+-------+-], ['pulmonic', 'nasal', 'plosive', 'uvular', 'voiced']), 'ɴ̥': ([---?-+-+------------m--+?-++--+-------+-], ['pulmonic', 'nasal', 'plosive', 'uvular', 'voiceless']), 'ɵ': ([---m---+---------+--m---h-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'close-mid', 'central', 'vowel']), 'ɵː': ([---m---+---------+--v---h-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'close-mid', 'central', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ɵ̃': ([---m---+---------+--m--+h-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'close-mid', 'central', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ɵ̃ː': ([---m---+---------+--v--+h-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'close-mid', 'central', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ɵ̞': ([---m---+---------+--m---m-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'mid', 'central', 'vowel']), 'ɵ̞ː': ([---m---+---------+--v---m-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'mid', 'central', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ɵ̞̃': ([---m---+---------+--m--+m-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'mid', 'central', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ɵ̞̃ː': ([---m---+---------+--v--+m-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'mid', 'central', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ɶ': ([-------+---------+--m---+-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'open', 'front', 'vowel']), 'ɶː': ([-------+---------+--v---+-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'open', 'front', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ɶ̃': ([-------+---------+--m--++-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'open', 'front', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ɶ̃ː': ([-------+---------+--v--++-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'open', 'front', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ɸ': ([---?---+--+---------m-+-?-+---+-----+---], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'bilabial', 'voiceless']), 'ɹ': ([++-?+--+------------m---?-m---+---------], ['pulmonic', 'approximant', 'alveolar', 'voiced']), 'ɹ̠': ([-+-?+--+------------m---?-m-+-+---------], ['pulmonic', 'approximant', 'palato-alveolar', 'voiced']), 'ɺ': ([+--?+--+-+---------+m---?-m---+---------], ['pulmonic', 'flap', 'lateral', 'alveolar', 'voiced']), 'ɻ': ([-+-?---+-------+----m---?-m---+--+------], ['pulmonic', 'approximant', 'retroflex', 'voiced']), 'ɽ': ([---?---+-+-----+----m---?-m---+--+------], ['pulmonic', 'flap', 'retroflex', 'voiced']), 'ɾ': ([+--?+--+------------m---?-+---+---------], ['pulmonic', 'tap', 'alveolar', 'voiceless']), 'ʀ': ([---?-+-+------------m---?-m---+----+--+-], ['pulmonic', 'trill', 'uvular', 'voiced']), 'ʀ̥': ([---?-+-+------------m---?-+---+----+--+-], ['pulmonic', 'trill', 'uvular', 'voiceless']), 'ʁ': ([---?-+-+--+---------m---?-m---+-------+-], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'uvular', 'voiced']), 'ʁ̞': ([-+-?-+-+------------m---?-m---+-------+-], ['pulmonic', 'approximant', 'uvular', 'voiced']), 'ʂ': ([---?---+--+----+----m---?-+---+--+------], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'retroflex', 'voiceless']), 'ʃ': ([---?+--+--+---------m---?-+-+-+---------], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'palato-alveolar', 'voiceless']), 'ʃʼ': ([---?+--+--+-+-------m---?-+-+-----------], ['ejective', 'fricative', 'palato-alveolar', 'voiceless']), 'ʄ': ([---?-+------+--++---m---?-m+------------], ['implosive', 'plosive', 'palatal', 'voiced']), 'ʈ': ([---?---+-------+----m---?-++--+--+------], ['pulmonic', 'plosive', 'retroflex', 'voiceless']), 'ʉ': ([---m---+---------+--m-----m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'close', 'central', 'vowel']), 'ʉː': ([---m---+---------+--v-----m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'close', 'central', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ʉ̃': ([---m---+---------+--m--+--m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'close', 'central', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ʉ̃ː': ([---m---+---------+--v--+--m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'close', 'central', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ʊ': ([---t---+---------+--m---d-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'near-close', 'near-back', 'vowel']), 'ʊː': ([---t---+---------+--v---d-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'near-close', 'near-back', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ʊ̃': ([---t---+---------+--m--+d-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'near-close', 'near-back', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ʊ̃ː': ([---t---+---------+--v--+d-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'near-close', 'near-back', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ʊ̈': ([---m---+---------+--m---d-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'near-close', 'central', 'vowel']), 'ʊ̈ː': ([---m---+---------+--v---d-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'near-close', 'central', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ʊ̈̃': ([---m---+---------+--m--+d-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'near-close', 'central', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ʊ̈̃ː': ([---m---+---------+--v--+d-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'near-close', 'central', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ʋ': ([-+-?---+------------m-+-?-m---+------+--], ['pulmonic', 'approximant', 'labiodental', 'voiced']), 'ʌ': ([---+---+------------m---q-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'open-mid', 'back', 'vowel']), 'ʌː': ([---+---+------------v---q-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'open-mid', 'back', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ʌ̃': ([---+---+------------m--+q-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'open-mid', 'back', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ʌ̃ː': ([---+---+------------v--+q-m--?+--------+], ['unrounded', 'open-mid', 'back', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ʍ': ([---?-+-+--++-----+--m-+-?-+---+-+---+---], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'labialized', 'velar', 'voiceless']), 'ʏ': ([---f---+---------+--m---d-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'near-close', 'near-front', 'vowel']), 'ʏː': ([---f---+---------+--v---d-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'near-close', 'near-front', 'vowel', 'long']), 'ʏ̃': ([---f---+---------+--m--+d-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'near-close', 'near-front', 'vowel', 'nasal']), 'ʏ̃ː': ([---f---+---------+--v--+d-m--?+--------+], ['rounded', 'near-close', 'near-front', 'vowel', 'nasal', 'long']), 'ʐ': ([---?---+--+----+----m---?-m---+--+------], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'retroflex', 'voiced']), 'ʑ': ([---?-+-+--+---------m---?-m-+-+---------], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'alveolo-palatal', 'voiced']), 'ʒ': ([---?+--+--+---------m---?-m-+-+---------], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'palato-alveolar', 'voiced']), 'ʔ': ([---?---+-----+----+-m---?-++--+---------], ['pulmonic', 'plosive', 'glottal', 'voiceless']), 'ʕ': ([---?---+--+---------m---?+m---++--------], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'pharyngeal', 'voiced']), 'ʙ': ([---?---+------------m-+-?-m---+----++---], ['pulmonic', 'trill', 'bilabial', 'voiced']), 'ʙ̥': ([---?---+------------m-+-?-+---+----++---], ['pulmonic', 'trill', 'bilabial', 'voiceless']), 'ʛ': ([---?-+------+---+---m---?-m+----------+-], ['implosive', 'plosive', 'uvular', 'voiced']), 'ʜ': ([---?---++-+-------+-m---?-+---+---------], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'epiglottal', 'voiceless']), 'ʝ': ([---?-+-+--+----+----m---?-m---+---------], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'palatal', 'voiced']), 'ʟ': ([-+-?-+-+-----------+m---?-m---+-+-------], ['pulmonic', 'approximant', 'lateral', 'velar', 'voiced']), 'ʟ̥': ([-+-?-+-+-----------+m---?-+---+-+-------], ['pulmonic', 'approximant', 'lateral', 'velar', 'voiceless']), 'ʡ': ([---?---++---------+-m---?-++--+---------], ['pulmonic', 'plosive', 'epiglottal', 'voiceless']), 'ʢ': ([---?---++-+-------+-m---?-m---+---------], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'epiglottal', 'voiced']), 'β': ([---?---+--+---------m-+-?-m---+-----+---], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'bilabial', 'voiced']), 'β̞': ([-+-?---+------------m-+-?-m---+-----+---], ['pulmonic', 'approximant', 'bilabial', 'voiced']), 'θ': ([---?---+--+---------m---?-+---+---+--+--], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'dental', 'voiceless']), 'λ': ([-+-?-+-+-------+---+m---?-m---+---------], ['pulmonic', 'approximant', 'lateral', 'palatal', 'voiced']), 'λ̥': ([-+-?-+-+-------+---+m---?-+---+---------], ['pulmonic', 'approximant', 'lateral', 'palatal', 'voiceless']), 'χ': ([---?-+-+--+---------m---?-+---+-------+-], ['pulmonic', 'fricative', 'uvular', 'voiceless']), 'χʼ': ([---?-+-+--+-+-------m---?-+-----------+-], ['ejective', 'fricative', 'uvular', 'voiceless'])}

cldf-clts / clts-legacy

Feature model #7