chore(types): add index.d.ts, use api-extractor

Description

Improves the types definition of jointjs so that we do not need to rebuild the file every time we make a change.

adds index.d.ts file and changes the types reference in package.json to point to it instead of dist/joint.d.ts
creates joint.d.ts via an automated process involving @microsoft/api-extractor as part of yarn run build / yarn run dist command
changes typescript version throughout the project to 4.8.4 to match the version used by @microsoft/api-extractor@7.33.7

TODO:

[x] verify that changes in typescript take effect immediately when importing jointjs via ESM
[x] use as much of root tsconfig.common.json inside tsconfig.json as possible
[x] verify that new dist/joint.d.ts is equivalent to old dist/joint.d.ts (exports are slightly different in the new file)
- type ... -> export declare type ...
- interface ... -> export declare interface ...
- export type ... -> export declare type ...
- export const ... -> export declare const ...
- export function ... -> export declare function ...
- export class ... -> export declare class ...
- export namespace ... -> export declare namespace ... (all contents get exported)
- internal interface ... -> internal export interface ...
- internal type ... -> internal export type ...
- internal enum ... -> internal export enum ...
- internal class ... -> internal export class ...
- internal namespace ... -> internal export namespace ...
- internal function ... -> internal export function ...
- internal export var ... -> internal var ... (is ok inside export declare)
- export { } added at the end (is ok)
[x] verify that new dist/joint.d.ts behaves as old dist/joint.d.ts when used directly
- NOTE: mixing ESM imports and directly used dist/joint.d.ts produces errors - these disappear when dist/joint.d.ts is used everywhere within an example