Update and clean the package structure

[josh146]

Context: This PR continues the cleanup from #13, and adds in a package structure. This will help us with adding tests.

Description of changes:

• Moves the Python parser to the qdata directory

• Moves all examples to a examples/ directory

• Moves the specification document to specifications directory

• Adds python packaging boilerplate, so that the package can be installed in editable mode (pip install -e .). This will make it easier to write the tests.

• parser_to_str.py was outdated and no longer being used, it was deleted

• Adds various utility functions: qdata.load, qdata.loads, qdata.dump, qdata.dumps. These have the same names, signatures, and file io logic as Python standard library serialization packages, such as JSON.

[josh146]

@co9olguy: after this is approved, but before merging it in, are you comfortable with me blacking all python files?

I just noticed, that, before there are other PRs open, this would be the best opportunity to avoid conflicts.