polly64
commented
1 year ago R paper https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13753-022-00400-x
Below separated out what we are collecting already, and which of our Colouring London prototype's 12 main categories https://colouringlondon.org/ we would place and visualise GEM classes/related data in. These are location, use, type, age, size, construction, street context, team, planning, resilience, team, age and history and, community.
Main GEM areas
1.Direction—Low priority the orientation of the lateral load-resisting system in two principal horizontal directions of the building plan, which are perpendicular to one another.
Not currently collected - Place under Construction
Mostly used when we have different lateral load resisting systems in the two directions. For example, concrete columns and beam in one direction, but then only masonry walls in the other direction. It just means that the building will behave very differently depending on the direction. I would say that this parameter is not that important, given that very different resisting systems in the two directions are rare. THINK ABOUT COLLECTION
2.Material of the lateral load-resisting system—the material of the structural members that resist the lateral loads or deformations (for example, masonry, wood). expand COLLECTED BUT CHANGE TO STRUCTURAL & NON-STRUCTURAL
- Lateral load-resisting system (LLRS) —the structural system that provides resistance against lateral loads or deformations through vertical and horizontal structural components (for example, walls, moment-frames).
This is mostly useful for wooden and reinforced concrete structures. For masonry or adobe structures (which comprised more than 60% of the building stock globally) this is not necessary.
Have option for SELECT EITHER: "solid masonry/adobe structure" " frame construction/lateral load-resisting systems" then bring up options
- Height—building height above ground expressed in terms of the number of stories (for example, 3 stories). This attribute also includes information on the number of basements (if present) and the ground slope.
Currently collected, if you could just check information we have is what you want would be great
It seems like you are including height in meters, that is very useful. Sometimes we classify this in terms of the number of storeys for the sake of simplicity. ALREADY COLLECTED
- Date of construction or retrofit—the year when the building was constructed. If the building consists of parts or portions that vary in age, the earliest date is used. If the structure of the building was retrofitted in a manner that improves its seismic performance, the date of the retrofit should be used instead of the date of construction.
Yes we collect main and earliest /latest date. Date of retrofit and date of main additions are alreday planned for inclusion
Great. ALREADY COLLECTED but possibly add retrofitted to improve energy performance, refrrofitted to improve safety, refitted to improve seismic performance
- Occupancy—the type of activity or use of the building. It is possible to describe a diverse range of occupancies (for example, residential occupancies include informal housing (slums), as well as high-rise apartment buildings). ALREADY COLLECTED
Yes we collect under ' Use' but can try and expand to include your general categories that we don't cover, could you highlight most important ones?
I think I actually like your classification more than GEM’s. Perhaps I would just note that Industry and business should be split (the type of structure in one or the other are quite different) and within industry, you should have light (e.g. manufacturing) and heavy (e.g. mining, oil) industry. For the residential, I recommend at least including if we are talking about single-dwelling/family homes or apartment buildings. That’s it. CHECK
7.Building position within a block—the position of a building within a block of buildings (for example, a “detached building” is not attached to any other building).
Yes we collect under 'Type'
Great. This is useful in the assessment of both earthquake damage and fire following earthquakes. ALREADY COLLECTED
- Shape of the building plan—the geometric shape of the building in plan (for example, L-shape, rectangular shape).
No we don't collect but will now include all these under 'Size and shape'
Given that you are providing the building footprint, I would actually ignore this parameter. The shape is important because of the structural irregularities. Please see below. NO NEED TO COLLECT AS WE HAVE FOOTPRINTS
9.Structural irregularity—a feature of a building’s structural arrangement, such as a story that is significantly higher than other stories, an irregular building shape, or change of structural system or material that produces a known vulnerability during an earthquake. In recognition of the fact that a building may have more than one irregularity, the user is able to identify both a primary and secondary irregularity.
No we don't collect can u recommend key way you'd like us to do this
I am not sure where this would fit in. Perhaps under size and shape. I recommend keeping it simple and just: ADD Vertical irregularities: yes/no Horizontal irregularities: yes/no
In terms of the vertical irregularities, usually we just want to understand if the ground floor is much higher than the rest of the upper floors. This might lead to what we call a soft-story failure mechanism. For the horizontal irregularities, either the building is regular (rectangle/square shape) or it isn’t (e.g. L or T shapes). Polly just in case it might be useful, we have an online glossary that explains all of these terms with photos and illustrations. For example, soft storeys and horizontal irregularities.
- Exterior walls—material of exterior walls (building enclosure) (for example, masonry, glass). yes we collect under construction but can also clarify we can separate to make clearer
Quite often this is basically the same as attribute 2 (and attribute 2 is more important in case you need to opt for only one).
- Roof—the roof shape, material of the roof covering, structural system supporting the roof covering, and roof-wall connection. For example, roof shape may be “pitched with gable ends,” roof covering could be “tile,” and roof system may be “wooden roof structure with light infill or covering.”
Yes we collect under 'Type' and 'materials' but would be great to have subcategories listed you need
Great.
12)Floor—floor material, floor system type, and floor-wall connection. For example, floor material may be “concrete,” and the floor system may be “cast in-place beamless reinforced concrete slab.”
No we don't collect but we can under ' Construction'
Usually we just need to understand if it is an earthen, concrete or wooden floor.
13) Foundation system—part of the construction where the base of the building meets the ground. The foundation transmits loads from the building to the underlying soil. For example, a shallow foundation supports walls and columns in a building for hard soil conditions, and a deep foundation needs to be provided for buildings located in soft soil areas
No we don't collect but we can under construction.
mdsimpson42
Check and Integrate GEM taxonomy of buildings
All tables/codes of the taxonomy are also hosted on a GitHub repo (https://github.com/gem/gem_taxonomy). https://storage.globalquakemodel.org/what/physical-integrated-risk/building-taxonomy/
See also A Building Classification System for Multi-hazard Risk Assessment Vitor Silva, Svetlana Brzev, Charles Scawthorn, Catalina Yepes, Jamal Dabbeek, Helen Crowley International Journal of Disaster Risk Science] (https://link.springer.com/journal/13753) (2022)https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13753-022-00400-x
[ ] Direction – the orientation of building(s) with different lateral load-resisting systems in two principal horizontal directions of the building plan which are perpendicular to one another
[X] (but need to differentiate components more clearly Material of the lateral load-resisting system - e.g. "masonry" or "wood"
[x] Exterior walls - material of exterior walls (building enclosure), e.g. "masonry", "glass", etc.
[X] (but need to include GEM list of systems] Lateral load-resisting system - the structural system that provides resistance against horizontal earthquake forces through vertical and horizontal components, e.g. "wall", "moment frame", etc.
[X] Height - building height above ground in terms of the number of storeys (e.g. a building is 3-storey high); this attribute also includes information on the number of basements (if present) and the ground slope
[X] (but requires more detail). Date of construction or retrofit - the year in which the building construction or retrofit was completed
[X] Land use/ Occupancy - the type of activity (function) that the building is used for
[X] Building position within a block - the position of a building within a block of buildings (e.g. a "detached building" is not attached to any other building)
[ ] Shape of the building plan - e.g. L-shape, rectangular shape, etc.
[x] Structural irregularity - features of a building's structural arrangement that are irregular; such as one story is significantly higher than other stories, or the building has an irregular shape. Also the change of the structural system or materials that produce known vulnerability during an earthquake fall into this category. Re-entrant corner and soft storey are examples.
[X] But add GEM taxonomy Roof - this attribute describes the roof shape, material of the roof covering, structural system supporting the roof covering, and the roof-wall connection. For example, the roof shape may be "pitched with gable ends", roof covering could be "tile", and the roof system may be "wooden roof structure with light infill or covering".
[x] Floor - describes the floor material, floor system type, and floor-wall connection. For example, the floor material may be "concrete", and the floor system may be "cast in-place beamless reinforced concrete slab".
[x] Foundation - that part of the construction where the base of the building meets the ground. The foundation transmits loads from the building to the underlying soil. For example, a shallow foundation supports walls and columns in a building for hard soil conditions, and a deep foundation needs to be provided for buildings located in soft soil areas.