[MAINT] Update lint tooling

[peytondmurray]

Context

The lint tooling could use some attention:

• Let's use ruff format instead of black for speed
• Let's get rid of isort in favor of ruff, again for speed and because all configuration will be unified
• It would be good to establish a docstring convention. Although some of our docstrings are unformatted, others follow numpydoc so I'd propose that.
• Let's enable more lint rules. Currently we don't enable any extra rules, and according to the ruff documentation:

By default, Ruff enables Flake8's F rules, along with a subset of the E rules, omitting any stylistic rules that overlap with the use of a formatter, like ruff format or Black.

So while it's a good start, we could really benefit by enabling more rulesets. I propose:

    "E",   # pycodestyle
    "W",   # pycodestyle
    "F",   # Pyflakes
    "UP",  # pyupgrade
    "B",   # flake8-bugbear
    "SIM", # flake8-simplify
    "I",   # isort
    "N",   # pep8 naming
    "D",   # pydocstyle
    "ANN", # annotations
    "T10", # debugger
    "PT",  # flake8-pytest
    "RET", # flake8-return
    "ARG", # flake8-unused-arguments
    "FIX", # flake8-fixme
    "ERA", # flake8-eradicate
    "PD",  # pandas-vet
    "NPY", # numpy-specific rules

Value and/or benefit

These checks will help us avoid a few more of the common issues that we see without tooling, and will help establish uniformity for our docstrings.

Anything else?

No response