fix(cw-context): encoding, decoding and iteration of `ConsensusState` heights

[rnbguy]

Closes: #1175

This PR also replaces string formatting and parsing with protobuf encoding and decoding.

Description

---

PR author checklist:

• [x] Added changelog entry, using unclog.
• [ ] Added tests.
• [x] Linked to GitHub issue.
• [ ] Updated code comments and documentation (e.g., docs/).
• [ ] Tagged one reviewer who will be the one responsible for shepherding this PR.

Reviewer checklist:

• [ ] Reviewed Files changed in the GitHub PR explorer.
• [ ] Manually tested (in case integration/unit/mock tests are absent).

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 51.19048% with 41 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 64.35%. Comparing base (d5e3887) to head (6dc68cf). Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files	Patch %	Lines
ibc-clients/cw-context/src/context/mod.rs	49.29%	36 Missing :warning:
ibc-clients/cw-context/src/context/client_ctx.rs	61.53%	5 Missing :warning:

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #1176 +/- ## ========================================== - Coverage 64.39% 64.35% -0.04% ========================================== Files 230 229 -1 Lines 22053 22081 +28 ========================================== + Hits 14201 14211 +10 - Misses 7852 7870 +18 ```

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[romac]

Looks like this fixed CI on https://github.com/informalsystems/hermes/pull/3943, not seeing the error anymore even with super short trusting period 🚀

[rnbguy]

I will merge this after confirming the latest changes on the Hermes PR :tada:

[rnbguy]

Tested on personal fork of informalsystems/hermes using workflow artifact from latest commit. Merging it :rocket:

Note: once hermes is released with wasm client support. basecoin-rs should have an e2e test for wasm clients.