refactor!: Refactor the validator set storage and add provider consensus validator storage

Description

Closes: Part of #1913

Refactors the validator set storage. This is done to allow storing a separate validator set under its own individual key, namely the provider consensus validator set, without ever clashing with the storage for consumer chains here.

Changes:

Introduce new, more flexible helper methods for storing valsets in validator_set_storage
Change the existing valset methods in validator_set_update to use the new helpers
Introduce provider_consensus, where the new wrapper methods are used to store the provider consensus validator set

The provider_consensus methods are not used yet, but will be in a future PR. I want to split the functionality and keep this PR small to keep it easy to review

Author Checklist

All items are required. Please add a note to the item if the item is not applicable and please add links to any relevant follow up issues.

I have...

[x] Included the correct type prefix in the PR title
[x] Added ! to the type prefix if the change is state-machine breaking
[ ] Confirmed this PR does not introduce changes requiring state migrations, OR migration code has been added to consumer and/or provider modules
[x] Targeted the correct branch (see PR Targeting)
[x] Provided a link to the relevant issue or specification
[x] Followed the guidelines for building SDK modules
[x] Included the necessary unit and integration tests
[ ] Added a changelog entry to CHANGELOG.md
[x] Included comments for documenting Go code
[ ] Updated the relevant documentation or specification
[x] Reviewed "Files changed" and left comments if necessary
[x] Confirmed all CI checks have passed
[ ] If this PR is library API breaking, bump the go.mod version string of the repo, and follow through on a new major release

Reviewers Checklist

All items are required. Please add a note if the item is not applicable and please add your handle next to the items reviewed if you only reviewed selected items.

I have...

[ ] confirmed the correct type prefix in the PR title
[ ] confirmed ! the type prefix if the change is state-machine breaking
[ ] confirmed this PR does not introduce changes requiring state migrations, OR confirmed migration code has been added to consumer and/or provider modules
[ ] confirmed all author checklist items have been addressed
[ ] reviewed state machine logic
[ ] reviewed API design and naming
[ ] reviewed documentation is accurate
[ ] reviewed tests and test coverage

Summary by CodeRabbit

New Features
- Added functionality to manage and interact with the last provider consensus validator set, including setting, resetting, deleting, and retrieving validators and their powers.
Refactor
- Improved management of consumer validators by consolidating key retrieval logic and simplifying methods for setting, deleting, and retrieving validator sets.

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Commits
Files that changed from the base of the PR and between 5e30dd93fe0ce0a73760e229c34935c9b991b2e0 and 43aa65ad4a893e46d127d76f23a1e871ce96479c.

Walkthrough

The latest updates enhance interchain security by managing and interacting with the provider consensus validator sets. Key changes include methods for setting, resetting, deleting, and retrieving validator sets and their powers. The refactoring also consolidates key retrieval logic, modifies how validators are manipulated, and simplifies validator set retrieval.

Changes

File(s)	Change Summary
`x/.../keeper/provider_consensus.go`	Introduces methods to manage last provider consensus validator set: set, reset, delete, retrieve validators, and get total power.
`x/.../keeper/validator_set_storage.go`	Adds functionality for managing validator sets with operations to set, delete, check existence, and calculate total power.
`x/.../keeper/validator_set_update.go`	Refactors consumer validator handling, consolidating key retrieval logic, updating set/delete methods, and simplifying retrieval functions.
`x/.../types/keys.go`	Adds `LastProviderConsensusValsPrefix` constant and `LastProviderConsensusValidatorKey` function for managing last validator set keys.
`x/.../types/keys_test.go`	Adds new key prefix `LastProviderConsensusValsPrefix` to key prefixes' test list.

Sequence Diagram(s)

sequenceDiagram
    participant Client
    participant Keeper
    participant Store
    Client->>Keeper: SetLastProviderConsensusValSet(nextValidators)
    Keeper->>Store: Store Validator Set with LastProviderConsensusValsPrefix

    Client->>Keeper: GetLastProviderConsensusValSet()
    Keeper->>Store: Retrieve Validator Set with LastProviderConsensusValsPrefix
    Store-->>Keeper: Return Validator Set
    Keeper-->>Client: Return Validator Set

    Client->>Keeper: DeleteLastProviderConsensusValSet()
    Keeper->>Store: Delete Validator Set with LastProviderConsensusValsPrefix

    Client->>Keeper: GetLastTotalProviderConsensusPower()
    Keeper->>Store: Retrieve Validator Set with LastProviderConsensusValsPrefix
    Store-->>Keeper: Return Validator Set
    Keeper-->>Client: Calculate and Return Total Power

sequenceDiagram
    participant Client
    participant Keeper
    participant Store
    Client->>Keeper: setValidator(prefix, validator)
    Keeper->>Store: Store Validator with specified prefix

    Client->>Keeper: deleteValidator(prefix, providerConsAddr)
    Keeper->>Store: Delete Validator with specified prefix

    Client->>Keeper: getTotalPower(prefix)
    Keeper->>Store: Retrieve Validators with specified prefix
    Store-->>Keeper: Return Validators
    Keeper-->>Client: Calculate and Return Total Power

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cosmos / interchain-security