Policy mentions

[hefroehl]

policies that mention/focus on lower trophic production.

[hefroehl]

2019 CALIFORNIA BILL

SB 262, McGuire. Marine resources: commercial fishing and aquaculture: regulation of operations.

"This bill, by December 31, 2020, would require the commission, in consultation with the Department of Fish and Wildlife, any other state agency relevant to coastal permitting, and stakeholders, to develop guidance for applicants for coastal development permits for shellfish, seaweed, and other low-trophic mariculture production and restoration, as specified. The bill would repeal these provisions on July 1, 2021."

link: https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB262

[hefroehl]

TNC 2012

link: https://www.conservationgateway.org/News/Pages/tnc-food-security-and-sus.aspx

[juliablanchard]

IUCN report on 'Sustainability of Fish Feed in Aquaculture:Reflections and Recommendations' https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2017-026-Summ.pdf

[juliablanchard]

European Commission Scientific Advice Mechanism - Food from the Oceans Report states:"The scientific evidence unambiguously points to sustainable "culture" and "capture" at lower trophic levels (i.e. levels in the ocean food web below the carnivore levels currently mostly exploited) as the way to bring about such an increase. "

Link:https://ec.europa.eu/research/sam/pdf/sam_food-from-oceans_report.pdf

[hefroehl]

https://www.worldfishing.net/news101/fish-farming/low-trophic-aquaculture-in-the-spotlight

"More than seventy scientists and industry professionals from 16 countries are gathering this week in Tromsø to launch the EU-funded AquaVitae project (total budget of €8 million). Over the next four years, they will work to increase aquaculture production of low-trophic species, in and around the Atlantic Ocean, in sustainable ways."

"This correlates with recommendations made in the Food from the Oceans report (2017), which highlighted the need to expand low- and multi-trophic marine aquaculture as an ecologically efficient source of increasing food and feed."

News coverage: https://thefishsite.com/articles/low-trophic-aquaculture-given-high-research-priority Title: "Low trophic aquaculture given high research priority"

"The 36-partner, AquaVitae Consortium, has been allocated €8 million from the EU’s Horizon 2020 programme. Over the next four years, the partners will work to increase aquaculture production of low-trophic species in 16 different countries, spread across four continents."

[hefroehl]

WRI (2014):https://www.wri.org/blog/2014/06/sustainable-fish-farming-5-strategies-get-aquaculture-growth-right Title: "Sustainable Fish Farming: 5 Strategies to Get Aquaculture Growth Right"

5. Eat fish that are low on the food chain. Fish farming can ease pressure on marine ecosystems if farmed fish don’t need large amounts of wild fish in their diets. Consumers should therefore demand species that feed low on the food chain—“low-trophic” species such as tilapia, catfish, carp, and bivalve mollusks. In emerging economies, where consumption of low-trophic species is still dominant, emphasis should continue with these species even as billions of people enter the global middle class in coming decades. At the same time, because fish are a major source of nutrition for more than a billion poor people in the developing world, growing aquaculture to meet the food and nutritional needs of these consumers will be essential.

[hefroehl]

https://books.google.com/books?id=tGl6DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA31&lpg=PA31&dq=promote+low+trophic+aquaculture&source=bl&ots=KAN-zH4PVa&sig=ACfU3U03fTzFEFEkFLZO8vb8lnyrVB5oxg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjxjb-0qbHmAhUhFjQIHUUjBrU4ChDoATACegQICRAB#v=onepage&q=promote%20low%20trophic%20aquaculture&f=false

Book: "The Sixth APFIC Regional Consultative Forum Meeting" by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2018

[hefroehl]

https://swssdc-static.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/2017/06/Dan-Lee.pdf Seafood Summit, Seattle, 2017 by Dan Lee

"Naylor et al.’s priorities for the aquaculture industry

1. Expand farming of low trophic level fish
2. Reduce fishmeal and fish oil inputs in feed
3. Develop integrated farming systems
4. Promotion of environmentally sound aquaculture practices"

[hefroehl]

Diane (2009) "Aquaculture Production and Biodiversity Conservation": https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/59/1/27/306930

"Other sources of protein will become important components of fish feed, including plant protein and waste products from other operations, as will the culture of more species at lower trophic levels for human consumption, since these species do not require fish protein in feed. Alternate feed derivations have been a major subject of aquaculture research and development, and efforts are intensifying (Watanabe 2002, Opstvedt et al. 2003).

[hefroehl]

California 2019 legislation SB 69