[CU] Update to Expo SDK 51

Description of Change

Update Expo SDK 51 using the upgrade instructions:

Ran npx expo install expo@^51.0.0 --fix and npx expo-doctor@latest.
Upgrade script also prompted to update some dependencies for compatibility with SDK 51.

Tested on all platforms and in the mobile app as well using alpha build.

components package:

Code reviewer validation:

General
- [x] PR is linked to ticket(s)
- [x] PR has changelog label applied if it's to be included in the changelog
- [x] Acceptance criteria:
  - All satisfied or
  - Documented reason for not being performed or
  - Split to separate ticket and ticket is linked by relevant AC(s)
- [x] Above PR sections adequately filled out
- [x] If any breaking changes, in accordance with the pre-1.0.0 versioning guidelines: a CU ticket has been created for the VA Mobile App detailing necessary adjustments with the package version that will be published by this ticket
Code
- [x] Tests are included if appropriate (or split to separate ticket)
- [x] New functions have proper TSDoc annotations

If changes warrant a new version per the versioning guidelines and the PR is approved and ready to merge: