update python to fetch python prebuilt binaries from `actions/python-versions`

[joshspicer]

We are planning to collaborate with the actions team and their effort to prebuilt binaries (eg https://github.com/actions/python-versions)

Starting with python, teach our feature to first attempt to pull the appropriate binary from this repo, and if that fails fallback to build from src (same behavior as current).

[joshspicer]

cc/ @jungaretti @samruddhikhandale

[Chuxel]

Just as a FYI - This is some code I wrote to do this install.

https://github.com/Chuxel/devcontainer-features/blob/main/devcontainer-features/features/python/bin/acquire#L16-L37

The thing I didn't do is parse the manifest file they have already to get the available versions. However, I did do that in the "Devpacks" prototype I wrote in Go. I generalized the code there so I could reuse it for Node and other things as well.

https://github.com/Chuxel/devpacks/blob/main/devpacks/internal/common/actions/version_manifest.go ...and... https://github.com/Chuxel/devpacks/blob/main/devpacks/internal/buildpacks/cpython/cpython_builder.go#L100-L119

I think it would be good to generally use the Actions builds where we can since it does reduce the number of total dependencies for these features.

[samruddhikhandale]

ℹ️ The prebuilt binaries are available only for these distros 👇

In our case, only for ubuntu. Looks like these will only be useful for Ubuntu, but good improvement nonetheless 🤔

[Chuxel]

Yes, which is a good start - but I'd suggest connecting with the Actions folks to see if we can increase coverage. Largely the steps are the same to build Debian 10/11, etc. (I believe @jkeech was thinking about whether some of the same folks could get involved here as well.)