[27.0 backport] re-introduced support for port numbers in docker registry URL

[thaJeztah]

• backport https://github.com/docker/cli/pull/5195

- What I did

• this is a fix for a regression introduced by https://github.com/docker/cli/pull/3599
• re-introduced support for port numbers in docker registry URL
• fixes https://github.com/docker/cli/issues/5194

- How to verify it

• added new test cases and ran docker buildx bake test

- Description for the changelog

Fix a regression that caused port numbers to be ignored when parsing a Docker registry URL.

- A picture of a cute animal (not mandatory but encouraged)

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 61.43%. Comparing base (fce24d5) to head (217971d).

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## 27.0 #5197 +/- ## ======================================= Coverage 61.42% 61.43% ======================================= Files 298 298 Lines 20797 20799 +2 ======================================= + Hits 12775 12777 +2 Misses 7109 7109 Partials 913 913 ```