Katana: Add state update DA encodings

[kariy]

Summary by CodeRabbit

• New Features

  • Introduced a new recover function for data recovery from blobs.
  • Added functionality for encoding and decoding state updates related to blockchain state changes.
  • Implemented an inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) for BigUint vectors.
  • New module structure for better organization, including blob, eip4844, encoding, math, and serde.
  • Added a function to parse hexadecimal strings into blob data.

• Bug Fixes

  • Enhanced error handling in encoding and decoding processes.

• Tests

  • Added tests for parsing and encoding state updates from blob data.
  • Introduced a helper function for reading blob data in tests.

[coderabbitai[bot]]

Walkthrough

Ohayo, sensei! This pull request introduces several new files and modules in the katana/primitives crate, focusing on data availability and cryptographic operations. Key changes include the addition of functions for encoding and decoding state updates, the implementation of the inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT), and the introduction of constants related to EIP-4844. Additionally, the Cargo.toml file has been updated to manage dependencies more effectively.

Changes

File Path	Change Summary
crates/katana/primitives/Cargo.toml	- Added num-traits and num-bigint = "0.4.6" dependencies. - Removed num-traits from [dev-dependencies] section. - Added rstest to [dev-dependencies].
crates/katana/primitives/src/da/blob.rs	- Added pub fn recover(data: Vec<BigUint>) -> Vec<BigUint> for recovering original data from a blob. - Added pub fn transform(data: Vec<BigUint>) -> Vec<BigUint> for transforming data using FFT.
crates/katana/primitives/src/da/eip4844.rs	- Added constants: pub const BLOB_LEN: usize, pub static ref BLS_MODULUS: BigUint, pub static ref GENERATOR: BigUint, and pub static ref TWO: BigUint for EIP-4844 related operations.
crates/katana/primitives/src/da/encoding.rs	- Added pub fn encode_state_updates(value: StateUpdates) -> Vec<BigUint> and pub fn decode_state_updates(value: &[BigUint]) -> Result<StateUpdates, EncodingError>. - Introduced Metadata and ContractUpdate structs.
crates/katana/primitives/src/da/math.rs	- Added pub fn ifft(arr: Vec<BigUint>, xs: Vec<BigUint>, p: &BigUint) -> Vec<BigUint> and pub fn div_mod(a: BigUint, b: BigUint, p: &BigUint) -> BigUint for mathematical operations. - Introduced pub static ref TWO: BigUint.
crates/katana/primitives/src/da/mod.rs	- Added new modules: pub mod blob;, pub mod eip4844;, pub mod encoding;, pub mod math;, and pub mod serde;.
crates/katana/primitives/src/da/serde.rs	- Added pub fn parse_str_to_blob_data(data: &str) -> Vec<BigUint> for parsing hexadecimal string data.
crates/katana/primitives/src/lib.rs	- Added pub mod da; to expose the da module.
crates/katana/primitives/tests/blobs.rs	- Introduced test functions: fn parse_blobs_rt(#[case] blob: &str) -> Result<()> and fn read(path: &str) -> Vec<BigUint> for testing blob data parsing and encoding.

Possibly related PRs

• #2303: Updates to the Cargo.toml file for dependency management.
• #2464: Improvements to the Katana runner macro, enhancing project structure.
• #2465: Utilizing the new Katana runner proc macro, connecting with dependency management updates.

Suggested labels

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[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 99.17012% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 68.61%. Comparing base (731ff47) to head (07ddee3). Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
crates/katana/primitives/src/da/encoding.rs	98.80%	2 Missing :warning:

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #2474 +/- ## ========================================== + Coverage 68.45% 68.61% +0.15% ========================================== Files 368 372 +4 Lines 48185 48426 +241 ========================================== + Hits 32987 33226 +239 - Misses 15198 15200 +2 ```

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