[State] - Add State priced per Block in Gas for Quai + Documentation

[mibuono]

• Need controller on per block basis + Redeem for state for when you destroy it at the current in block rate
• Need a per block state limit to feed to the controller
• Base price has something to do with the state size - as state size is bigger, so is the base price. (need to get size of state trie to do this)
• DAA perspective - 1 week
• Research state self destruct - 1 week
• Transaction to yourself - with data to destruct. If you have self destruct in the thing, it offsets state youre spending in the create.

Unit tests are required here - need to be able to test this before regression testing which is a separate task.

[mibuono]

New field in header + controller that modifys that field.

4 tasks:

1. Controller task - create a moving average filter for the base fee. Make it a multiplier on the base.

2. Need to check the state trie fill rates - if the rate is filled, then the state base fee needs to go up more than the base fee. Need to know current size of state trie, and the state change in the block. Gas used, state used per block - need to track both. Need a field in the block called state fee.

3. Self destruct task - implement self destruct to pay gas back credited back at the current state rate. So you could spend it on state or spend it on gas.

4. Need to check the gas limit: at the end of the transaction in order for it gas used + previous gas used must be < gas limit.

Notes:

What happens when someone gets paid back at a higher rate than the gas they spent to do it? Is there a gas refund in the end?
-Can't refund more than the person put in. You can only

• In self destruct scenario - the refunded gas does not go to your balance.
• Can destroy the gas token when the user does an expensive transaction

Treat it as Gas - so a user can havea. refund that is greater than what they put in.

What happens if someone destroys a huge amount of data and gets more gas than the gas limit for a block?

If gas used in the transaction pushes us past the limit, transaction should fail.

[alanorwick]

Current plan: add a ceiling / limit for state per block. users will use the miner tip using the block. pricing the SLOAD / SSTORE opcodes using the size of the trie associated.

Tricky party: The SSTORE operation is not one single API / state operation - 6 different cases. How do we simplify/price that?