[5.2] Fix GenerateSspiClientContext to retry negotiation with default port

[dauinsight]

Backports: https://github.com/dotnet/SqlClient/pull/2559

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 72.62%. Comparing base (da57fa9) to head (db1b4bc). Report is 1 commits behind head on release/5.2.

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## release/5.2 #2815 +/- ## =============================================== + Coverage 72.59% 72.62% +0.03% =============================================== Files 310 310 Lines 61930 61930 =============================================== + Hits 44958 44979 +21 + Misses 16972 16951 -21 ``` | [Flag](https://app.codecov.io/gh/dotnet/SqlClient/pull/2815/flags?src=pr&el=flags&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=dotnet) | Coverage Δ | | |---|---|---| | [addons](https://app.codecov.io/gh/dotnet/SqlClient/pull/2815/flags?src=pr&el=flag&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=dotnet) | `92.88% <ø> (ø)` | | | [netcore](https://app.codecov.io/gh/dotnet/SqlClient/pull/2815/flags?src=pr&el=flag&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=dotnet) | `76.79% <ø> (+<0.01%)` | :arrow_up: | | [netfx](https://app.codecov.io/gh/dotnet/SqlClient/pull/2815/flags?src=pr&el=flag&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=dotnet) | `70.24% <ø> (+0.04%)` | :arrow_up: | Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. [Click here](https://docs.codecov.io/docs/carryforward-flags?utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=dotnet#carryforward-flags-in-the-pull-request-comment) to find out more.

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