dunglas / frankenphp

🧟 The modern PHP app server
https://frankenphp.dev
MIT License
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Franken PHP is slower on requests that work with large Eloquent collections #1144

Closed Macek007 closed 1 week ago

Macek007 commented 1 week ago

What happened?

I’ve been experimenting with Laravel Octane + FrankenPHP. Initially, the benchmarks were quite promising, but after real-world usage, I discovered a few bottlenecks. Here’s my experience.

I have two very similar Dockerfiles: one is based on the php:8.3.13-apache-bookworm image, and the other on dunglas/frankenphp:php8.13.3-bookworm. Both use the same php.ini configuration. The FrankenPHP container is started with:

php artisan octane:frankenphp --host=localhost --port=80

I ran benchmarks on an API for an ERP system that involves numerous database queries, some of which return large datasets.

Response on Cached Requests

The first test was on requests that use cache (using spatie/laravel-responsecache). All tests were conducted with the command:

hey -n 100 -c 5

The results were similar when testing in the browser.

PHP:

image

FrankenPHP:

image

The results were excellent, showing around a 150% improvement with FrankenPHP.

Response on Requests Returning Simple Data

For this test, I used requests that return simple data, such as enums or lookup tables. Typically, these involve only a single query.

PHP:

image

FrankenPHP:

image

Again, the results were impressive, with FrankenPHP showing about a 122% improvement.

Requests with Large Datasets

Next, I tested requests that return a dataset of 1,000 rows using Eloquent models with 15+ relations. I confirmed there were no N+1 query issues, and the database queries themselves took around a few hundred milliseconds (up to 500ms). However, the remaining time was spent in PHP runtime. After some xdebug tracing, I found that a significant amount of time was spent on model hydration.

PHP:

image

FrankenPHP:

image

In this scenario, FrankenPHP was about 20% slower.

I’ve spent many hours trying to eliminate various factors without much success. I tried adjusting php.ini settings, aggressive OPCache and JIT conf, testing on both a local machine (MacBook + Docker) and a server environment (Ryzen + Debian + Kubernetes).


Does anyone have any ideas? Has anyone experienced something similar?

Build Type

Docker (Debian Bookworm)

Worker Mode

Yes

Operating System

GNU/Linux

CPU Architecture

x86_64

PHP configuration

PHP logo
PHP Version 8.3.13
System  Linux bellesfleurs-backend-dev-deployment-585778b677-w7vxk 5.10.0-33-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.10.226-1 (2024-10-03) x86_64
Build Date  Oct 25 2024 00:30:54
Build System    Linux - Docker
Build Provider  https://github.com/docker-library/php
Configure Command   './configure' '--build=x86_64-linux-gnu' '--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/etc/php' '--with-config-file-scan-dir=/usr/local/etc/php/conf.d' '--enable-option-checking=fatal' '--with-mhash' '--with-pic' '--enable-mbstring' '--enable-mysqlnd' '--with-password-argon2' '--with-sodium=shared' '--with-pdo-sqlite=/usr' '--with-sqlite3=/usr' '--with-curl' '--with-iconv' '--with-openssl' '--with-readline' '--with-zlib' '--enable-phpdbg' '--enable-phpdbg-readline' '--with-pear' '--with-libdir=lib/x86_64-linux-gnu' '--enable-embed' '--enable-zts' '--disable-zend-signals' 'build_alias=x86_64-linux-gnu'
Server API  FrankenPHP
Virtual Directory Support   enabled
Configuration File (php.ini) Path   /usr/local/etc/php
Loaded Configuration File   /usr/local/etc/php/php.ini
Scan this dir for additional .ini files /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d
Additional .ini files parsed    /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/base-php.ini, /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-bcmath.ini, /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-calendar.ini, /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-ftp.ini, /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-gd.ini, /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-gettext.ini, /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-gmp.ini, /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-intl.ini, /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-mysqli.ini, /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-opcache.ini, /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-pcntl.ini, /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-pdo_mysql.ini, /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-redis.ini, /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-soap.ini, /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-sockets.ini, /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-sodium.ini, /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-zip.ini, /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/prod-php.ini, /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/prod-php.override.ini
PHP API 20230831
PHP Extension   20230831
Zend Extension  420230831
Zend Extension Build    API420230831,TS
PHP Extension Build API20230831,TS
Debug Build no
Thread Safety   enabled
Thread API  POSIX Threads
Zend Signal Handling    disabled
Zend Memory Manager enabled
Zend Multibyte Support  provided by mbstring
Zend Max Execution Timers   enabled
IPv6 Support    enabled
DTrace Support  disabled
Registered PHP Streams  https, ftps, compress.zlib, php, file, glob, data, http, ftp, phar, zip
Registered Stream Socket Transports tcp, udp, unix, udg, ssl, tls, tlsv1.0, tlsv1.1, tlsv1.2, tlsv1.3
Registered Stream Filters   zlib.*, convert.iconv.*, string.rot13, string.toupper, string.tolower, convert.*, consumed, dechunk
Zend logoThis program makes use of the Zend Scripting Language Engine:
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BCMath support  enabled
Directive   Local Value Master Value
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user_dir    no value    no value
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ctype
ctype functions enabled
curl
cURL support    enabled
cURL Information    7.88.1
Age 10
Features
AsynchDNS   Yes
CharConv    No
Debug   No
GSS-Negotiate   No
IDN Yes
IPv6    Yes
krb4    No
Largefile   Yes
libz    Yes
NTLM    Yes
NTLMWB  Yes
SPNEGO  Yes
SSL Yes
SSPI    No
TLS-SRP Yes
HTTP2   Yes
GSSAPI  Yes
KERBEROS5   Yes
UNIX_SOCKETS    Yes
PSL Yes
HTTPS_PROXY Yes
MULTI_SSL   No
BROTLI  Yes
ALTSVC  Yes
HTTP3   No
UNICODE No
ZSTD    Yes
HSTS    Yes
GSASL   No
Protocols   dict, file, ftp, ftps, gopher, gophers, http, https, imap, imaps, ldap, ldaps, mqtt, pop3, pop3s, rtmp, rtmpe, rtmps, rtmpt, rtmpte, rtmpts, rtsp, scp, sftp, smb, smbs, smtp, smtps, telnet, tftp
Host    x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
SSL Version OpenSSL/3.0.14
ZLib Version    1.2.13
libSSH Version  libssh2/1.10.0
Directive   Local Value Master Value
curl.cainfo no value    no value
date
date/time support   enabled
timelib version 2022.12
"Olson" Timezone Database Version   2024.2
Timezone Database   internal
Default timezone    Europe/Prague
Directive   Local Value Master Value
date.default_latitude   31.7667 31.7667
date.default_longitude  35.2333 35.2333
date.sunrise_zenith 90.833333   90.833333
date.sunset_zenith  90.833333   90.833333
date.timezone   Europe/Prague   Europe/Prague
dom
DOM/XML enabled
DOM/XML API Version 20031129
libxml Version  2.9.14
HTML Support    enabled
XPath Support   enabled
XPointer Support    enabled
Schema Support  enabled
RelaxNG Support enabled
fileinfo
fileinfo support    enabled
libmagic    543
filter
Input Validation and Filtering  enabled
Directive   Local Value Master Value
filter.default  unsafe_raw  unsafe_raw
filter.default_flags    no value    no value
frankenphp
Version v1.2.5
ftp
FTP support enabled
FTPS support    enabled
gd
GD Support  enabled
GD Version  bundled (2.1.0 compatible)
FreeType Support    enabled
FreeType Linkage    with freetype
FreeType Version    2.12.1
GIF Read Support    enabled
GIF Create Support  enabled
JPEG Support    enabled
libJPEG Version 6b
PNG Support enabled
libPNG Version  1.6.39
WBMP Support    enabled
XPM Support enabled
libXpm Version  30411
XBM Support enabled
WebP Support    enabled
BMP Support enabled
AVIF Support    enabled
TGA Read Support    enabled
Directive   Local Value Master Value
gd.jpeg_ignore_warning  On  On
gettext
GetText Support enabled
gmp
gmp support enabled
GMP version 6.2.1
hash
hash support    enabled
Hashing Engines md2 md4 md5 sha1 sha224 sha256 sha384 sha512/224 sha512/256 sha512 sha3-224 sha3-256 sha3-384 sha3-512 ripemd128 ripemd160 ripemd256 ripemd320 whirlpool tiger128,3 tiger160,3 tiger192,3 tiger128,4 tiger160,4 tiger192,4 snefru snefru256 gost gost-crypto adler32 crc32 crc32b crc32c fnv132 fnv1a32 fnv164 fnv1a64 joaat murmur3a murmur3c murmur3f xxh32 xxh64 xxh3 xxh128 haval128,3 haval160,3 haval192,3 haval224,3 haval256,3 haval128,4 haval160,4 haval192,4 haval224,4 haval256,4 haval128,5 haval160,5 haval192,5 haval224,5 haval256,5
MHASH support   Enabled
MHASH API Version   Emulated Support
iconv
iconv support   enabled
iconv implementation    glibc
iconv library version   2.36
Directive   Local Value Master Value
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intl
Internationalization support    enabled
ICU version 72.1
ICU Data version    72.1
ICU TZData version  2022e
ICU Unicode version 15.0
Directive   Local Value Master Value
intl.default_locale no value    no value
intl.error_level    0   0
intl.use_exceptions Off Off
json
json support    enabled
libxml
libXML support  active
libXML Compiled Version 2.9.14
libXML Loaded Version   20914
libXML streams  enabled
mbstring
Multibyte Support   enabled
Multibyte string engine libmbfl
HTTP input encoding translation disabled
libmbfl version 1.3.2
mbstring extension makes use of "streamable kanji code filter and converter", which is distributed under the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1.
Multibyte (japanese) regex support  enabled
Multibyte regex (oniguruma) version 6.9.8
Directive   Local Value Master Value
mbstring.detect_order   no value    no value
mbstring.encoding_translation   Off Off
mbstring.http_input no value    no value
mbstring.http_output    no value    no value
mbstring.http_output_conv_mimetypes ^(text/|application/xhtml\+xml) ^(text/|application/xhtml\+xml)
mbstring.internal_encoding  no value    no value
mbstring.language   neutral neutral
mbstring.regex_retry_limit  1000000 1000000
mbstring.regex_stack_limit  100000  100000
mbstring.strict_detection   Off Off
mbstring.substitute_character   no value    no value
mysqli
MysqlI Support  enabled
Client API library version  mysqlnd 8.3.13
Active Persistent Links 0
Inactive Persistent Links   0
Active Links    0
Directive   Local Value Master Value
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mysqli.allow_persistent On  On
mysqli.default_host no value    no value
mysqli.default_port 3306    3306
mysqli.default_pw   no value    no value
mysqli.default_socket   no value    no value
mysqli.default_user no value    no value
mysqli.local_infile_directory   no value    no value
mysqli.max_links    Unlimited   Unlimited
mysqli.max_persistent   Unlimited   Unlimited
mysqli.rollback_on_cached_plink Off Off
mysqlnd
mysqlnd enabled
Version mysqlnd 8.3.13
Compression supported
core SSL    supported
extended SSL    supported
Command buffer size 4096
Read buffer size    32768
Read timeout    86400
Collecting statistics   Yes
Collecting memory statistics    No
Tracing n/a
Loaded plugins  mysqlnd,debug_trace,auth_plugin_mysql_native_password,auth_plugin_mysql_clear_password,auth_plugin_caching_sha2_password,auth_plugin_sha256_password
API Extensions  mysqli,pdo_mysql
openssl
OpenSSL support enabled
OpenSSL Library Version OpenSSL 3.0.14 4 Jun 2024
OpenSSL Header Version  OpenSSL 3.0.14 4 Jun 2024
Openssl default config  /usr/lib/ssl/openssl.cnf
Directive   Local Value Master Value
openssl.cafile  no value    no value
openssl.capath  no value    no value
pcntl
pcntl support   enabled
pcre
PCRE (Perl Compatible Regular Expressions) Support  enabled
PCRE Library Version    10.42 2022-12-12
PCRE Unicode Version    14.0.0
PCRE JIT Support    enabled
PCRE JIT Target x86 64bit (little endian + unaligned)
Directive   Local Value Master Value
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PDO
PDO support enabled
PDO drivers sqlite, mysql
pdo_mysql
PDO Driver for MySQL    enabled
Client API version  mysqlnd 8.3.13
Directive   Local Value Master Value
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pdo_sqlite
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SQLite Library  3.40.1
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Phar API version    1.1.1
Phar-based phar archives    enabled
Tar-based phar archives enabled
ZIP-based phar archives enabled
gzip compression    enabled
bzip2 compression   disabled (install ext/bz2)
Native OpenSSL support  enabled
Phar based on pear/PHP_Archive, original concept by Davey Shafik.
Phar fully realized by Gregory Beaver and Marcus Boerger.
Portions of tar implementation Copyright (c) 2003-2009 Tim Kientzle.
Directive   Local Value Master Value
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posix
POSIX support   enabled
random
Version 8.3.13
readline
Readline Support    enabled
Readline library    8.2
Directive   Local Value Master Value
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cli.prompt  \b \>   \b \>
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Redis Version   6.1.0
Redis Sentinel Version  1.0
Available serializers   php, json
Available compression   lzf, zstd, lz4
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redis.clusters.auth no value    no value
redis.clusters.cache_slots  0   0
redis.clusters.persistent   0   0
redis.clusters.read_timeout 0   0
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redis.pconnect.echo_check_liveness  1   1
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redis.pconnect.pool_pattern no value    no value
redis.pconnect.pool_poll_timeout    0   0
redis.pconnect.pooling_enabled  1   1
redis.session.compression   none    none
redis.session.compression_level 3   3
redis.session.early_refresh 0   0
redis.session.lock_expire   0   0
redis.session.lock_retries  100 100
redis.session.lock_wait_time    20000   20000
redis.session.locking_enabled   0   0
Reflection
Reflection  enabled
session
Session Support enabled
Registered save handlers    files user redis rediscluster
Registered serializer handlers  php_serialize php php_binary
Directive   Local Value Master Value
session.auto_start  Off Off
session.cache_expire    180 180
session.cache_limiter   nocache nocache
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session.cookie_lifetime 0   0
session.cookie_path /   /
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session.gc_maxlifetime  604800  604800
session.gc_probability  0   0
session.lazy_write  On  On
session.name    PHPSESSID   PHPSESSID
session.referer_check   no value    no value
session.save_handler    files   files
session.save_path   no value    no value
session.serialize_handler   php php
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session.upload_progress.prefix  upload_progress_    upload_progress_
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session.use_only_cookies    On  On
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session.use_trans_sid   Off Off
SimpleXML
SimpleXML support   enabled
Schema support  enabled
soap
Soap Client enabled
Soap Server enabled
Directive   Local Value Master Value
soap.wsdl_cache 1   1
soap.wsdl_cache_dir /tmp    /tmp
soap.wsdl_cache_enabled On  On
soap.wsdl_cache_limit   5   5
soap.wsdl_cache_ttl 86400   86400
sockets
Sockets Support enabled
sodium
sodium support  enabled
libsodium headers version   1.0.18
libsodium library version   1.0.18
SPL
SPL support enabled
Interfaces  OuterIterator, RecursiveIterator, SeekableIterator, SplObserver, SplSubject
Classes AppendIterator, ArrayIterator, ArrayObject, BadFunctionCallException, BadMethodCallException, CachingIterator, CallbackFilterIterator, DirectoryIterator, DomainException, EmptyIterator, FilesystemIterator, FilterIterator, GlobIterator, InfiniteIterator, InvalidArgumentException, IteratorIterator, LengthException, LimitIterator, LogicException, MultipleIterator, NoRewindIterator, OutOfBoundsException, OutOfRangeException, OverflowException, ParentIterator, RangeException, RecursiveArrayIterator, RecursiveCachingIterator, RecursiveCallbackFilterIterator, RecursiveDirectoryIterator, RecursiveFilterIterator, RecursiveIteratorIterator, RecursiveRegexIterator, RecursiveTreeIterator, RegexIterator, RuntimeException, SplDoublyLinkedList, SplFileInfo, SplFileObject, SplFixedArray, SplHeap, SplMinHeap, SplMaxHeap, SplObjectStorage, SplPriorityQueue, SplQueue, SplStack, SplTempFileObject, UnderflowException, UnexpectedValueException
sqlite3
SQLite3 support enabled
SQLite Library  3.40.1
Directive   Local Value Master Value
sqlite3.defensive   On  On
sqlite3.extension_dir   no value    no value
standard
Dynamic Library Support enabled
Path to sendmail    /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i
Directive   Local Value Master Value
assert.active   On  On
assert.bail Off Off
assert.callback no value    no value
assert.exception    On  On
assert.warning  On  On
auto_detect_line_endings    Off Off
default_socket_timeout  120 120
from    no value    no value
session.trans_sid_hosts no value    no value
session.trans_sid_tags  a=href,area=href,frame=src,form=    a=href,area=href,frame=src,form=
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url_rewriter.hosts  no value    no value
url_rewriter.tags   form=   form=
user_agent  no value    no value
tokenizer
Tokenizer Support   enabled
uuid
UUID extension  enabled
Version 1.2.1 (stable)
Released    2024-10-08
Authors Hartmut Holzgraefe, Remi Collet
xml
XML Support active
XML Namespace Support   active
libxml2 Version 2.9.14
xmlreader
XMLReader   enabled
xmlwriter
XMLWriter   enabled
Zend OPcache
Opcode Caching  Up and Running
Optimization    Enabled
SHM Cache   Enabled
File Cache  Disabled
JIT On
Startup OK
Shared memory model mmap
Cache hits  19778
Cache misses    2670
Used memory 77960768
Free memory 56256960
Wasted memory   0
Interned Strings Used memory    8388584
Interned Strings Free memory    24
Cached scripts  1688
Cached keys 3352
Max keys    32531
OOM restarts    0
Hash keys restarts  0
Manual restarts 0
Start time  2024-11-08T20:02:07+0100
Last restart time   none
Last force restart time none
Directive   Local Value Master Value
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opcache.enable  On  On
opcache.enable_cli  On  On
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Additional Modules

Relevant log output

No response

AlliBalliBaba commented 1 week ago

What session driver / database driver are you using? How many CPU cores does your server have? Are you setting APP_ENV=production? Are you logging something?

50 requests per second feels kinda low to be honest, on my 20 Core i9 laptop in WSL I can get ~8.000 requests per second with a single Laravel Eloquent query, local mysql and cookie session driver.

It's still interesting though that you are seeing such a difference for big queries. I wonder what the bottleneck here could be, since at that point you're mainly benchmarking your database and PHP/eloquent. I'll try and see if I can reproduce this.

AlliBalliBaba commented 1 week ago

So I managed to reproduce your benchmarks and they reveal something interesting. Not necessarily about FrankenPHP, but more about MySQL (which is the bottleneck here). When reading 1000 Eloquent models per request, if I limit FrankenPHP to just 3 workers (3 CPU cores), it will handle the same amount or even more requests, which indicates that MySQL is at its limits. Paradoxically, MySQL will then be able to handle more requests if the requesting server is slower, aka if there are less connections.

When using the mysql:8.0 Docker image I see a similar slowdown to what you are getting, but when using the postgres Docker I'm actually able to handle 10x more requests.

This is kinda surprising since I expected MySQL to only be slower on writes, not on reads. But apparently PostgresSQL outperforms MySQL on big reads significantly? (or the mysql Docker image is just unoptimized).

I can give you the full breakdown + comparisons + recommendations if you share the Docker image you are using (I'm not sure how to fully set up Apache with Laravel).