Index records are stored in the leaf pages of their B-tree or R-tree data structure^1.
Each InnoDB table has a special index called the clustered index that stores row data^2.
How the Clustered Index Speeds Up Queries
Accessing a row through the clustered index is fast because the index search leads directly to the page that contains the row data. If a table is large, the clustered index architecture often saves a disk I/O operation when compared to storage organizations that store row data using a different page from the index record^3.