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dvarrazzo / py-setproctitle

A Python module to customize the process title
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setproctitle crashes after a fork on MacOS #113

Closed Aegdesil closed 2 years ago

Aegdesil commented 2 years ago

Using this code, setproctitle crashes after a forked process is started in a thread on Mac OS.

import multiprocessing as mp
from threading import Thread

from setproctitle import setproctitle

def foo():
    setproctitle("title in child")

def thread():
    p = mp.Process(target=foo)
    p.start()
    p.join()
    print(p.exitcode)  # returns -6 on failure 0 on success

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # Setting to spawn solves the problem
    mp.set_start_method("fork")
    # Setting a title in the parent before the process starts also solves the problem
    # setproctitle("title in parent")
    t = Thread(target=thread)
    t.start()
    t.join()

I get these logs: 

objc[75525]: +[__NSCFConstantString initialize] may have been in progress in another thread when fork() was called.
objc[75525]: +[__NSCFConstantString initialize] may have been in progress in another thread when fork() was called. We cannot safely call it or ignore it in the fork() child process. Crashing instead. Set a breakpoint on objc_initializeAfterForkError to debug.
-6

Python version: 3.7.8 Setproctitle version: 1.3.1 Mac OS version: 12.5

Maybe #111 is related ?

Aegdesil commented 2 years ago

After some tests, the issue was introduced in version 1.3.0 (version 1.2.3 works).

dvarrazzo commented 2 years ago

Thank you for the report. Yes, it seems related to #111.

Would you be able to convert your repro into a test suite test, for instance as done in https://github.com/dvarrazzo/py-setproctitle/commit/e3b7e0d20e6b57b4491572108cf022abe7815293

@gershnik is the author of the feature and has fixed #111 too. Maybe he has idea about how to fix this failure mode too?

Thank you!

gershnik commented 2 years ago

Despite appearances this issue isn't directly related to #111. It is a general issue common to all languages on macOS. See for example this SO question. The best explanation I saw can be found here.

Does the official workaround: setting environment variable OBJC_DISABLE_INITIALIZE_FORK_SAFETY=yes solve the issue?

Note however that:

The fundamental problem -- that forking is at odds with multithreading -- is still there, even before High Sierra, and even on Linux. The workaround merely disables a safety check, and users are just lucky that they don't run into bad situations most of the time.

Aegdesil commented 2 years ago

Yes, I feel like setting this environment variable is just a way to hide the problem, not a real fix. This error exists because there is a dangerous behavior that could cause other problems. Also using this would hide all the errors related to forking, not just the ones from your library.

The fact that this behavior was introduced recently makes me feel like there could be a workaround, although I don't know enough about setproctitle and these low level APIs to really provide help.

I found an article discussing some workarounds but I don't know if it's relevant.

gershnik commented 2 years ago

Well the usable advice from that article basically says "use spawn instead of fork or initialize everything before fork" which is exactly the workarounds you noticed in the comments of the repro code (e.g. calling setproctitle in the parent will initialize things).

The issue is that only the author of the final top level python code can (maybe) say whether the combination of threading and forking is safe in this particular case. In your repro code it is, but it is easy to inadvertently change this by adding some innocuous code or calling into some module.

gershnik commented 2 years ago

Calling getproctitle before fork also initializes everything btw. and is probably the best workaround if calling setproctitle is undesirable.

Aegdesil commented 2 years ago

Wouldn't it be possible to initialize everything on import rather than having to call getproctitle ?

I will look into switching to spawn but I think this would break many things, for now calling getproctitle works for me.

gershnik commented 2 years ago

Good point. Also note this from the module README

You should import and use the module (even just calling getproctitle()) pretty early in your program lifetime: code writing env vars may interfere with the module initialisation.

So there is already a need for doing so for other reasons. @dvarrazzo should the module just call getproctitle itself in __init__.py? Now that __init__.py exists I don't see why not.

dvarrazzo commented 2 years ago

@gershnik it is probably a reasonable workaround, yes.

Trying to reproduce the issue and then fix it the way suggested.

dvarrazzo commented 2 years ago

So, early import caused side effects about which people moaned about in the past (see #45, #46 for instance). So it was a precise choice to make sure they wouldn't happen anymore - see 485a6a530ef1e5814d8981f03310620feb0b9d56

However the side effects only manifest on Linux, so I think it's reasonable to restore early init on macOS only.

I'm preparing a MR...

dvarrazzo commented 2 years ago

@Aegdesil, @gershnik, do you want to check if #114 fixes the problem? Is this an acceptable fix?

Cheers!

gershnik commented 2 years ago

Looks great to me! Thank you!

Aegdesil commented 2 years ago

What is the procedure to install from source ? I tried to run pip install -e path/to/py-setproctitle which seemed to work (version 1.3.2.dev0 was shown as installed, and pip freeze shows the package), but when trying to import setproctitle I get ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'setproctitle'

I trust you for the fix anyway.

dvarrazzo commented 2 years ago

I tried to run pip install -e path/to/py-setproctitle which seemed to work (version 1.3.2.dev0 was shown as installed, and pip freeze shows the package), but when trying to import setproctitle I get ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'setproctitle'

Looks like -e got broken when we made the package and moved the sources into pkg/setproctitle (ff58a503875d3f19ba2014b2f7bb053ea908d412). python setup.py install should work.

Aegdesil commented 2 years ago

Thank you, I can confirm that this fixes my issue.

dvarrazzo commented 2 years ago

setproctitle 1.3.2 released. Have fun!

glic3rinu commented 2 years ago

Hi, I believe this issue is still happening on 1.3.2, although you need to do something more on the forked process to trigger the crash. I've found that doing a call with requests library consistently triggers the segfault on the child.

This particular snippet works on 1.3.1, but made it crash too with other code (e.g. using requests_kerberos) ...

import os
import sys
import requests

import setproctitle  # this import makes the child crash on 1.3.2
print(setproctitle.__version__)

pid = os.fork()
if not pid:
    print('HTTP GET goole.com: ')
    print(requests.get('https://google.com'))
    sys.exit()
os.wait()
dvarrazzo commented 2 years ago

@glic3rinu I have added your test in the CI but I don't see it failing there: https://github.com/dvarrazzo/py-setproctitle/commit/8d48f94e023a3d4900c0726fb3a8ef454ebb90a3 Run is here.

@gershnik are you able to advise about the issue, and in general about the stability of this feature?

gershnik commented 2 years ago

@dvarrazzo I am unable to reproduce this either in a clean environment or in the tests. Without more details it is impossible to say what it is and whether it is even caused by setproctitle.

@glic3rinu Can you provide more details about what you observe and your environment? Do you see the same error that opened this bug ("... may have been in progress in another thread when fork() ...") or just plain segfault? Which Python version, MacOS etc. are you using?

glic3rinu commented 2 years ago

Hey @gershnik @dvarrazzo thanks for looking into this. Posting the full error report from Mac OS with all the details of the crash:

Path:                  /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.10/3.10.7/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python
Identifier:            Python
Version:               3.10.7 (3.10.7)
Code Type:             X86-64 (Native)
Parent Process:        Python [84870]
Responsible:           Terminal [14512]
User ID:               502

Date/Time:             2022-10-13 16:30:57.070 +0100
OS Version:            macOS 11.7 (20G817)
Report Version:        12
Bridge OS Version:     6.6 (19P6067)
Anonymous UUID:        D4D40BAF-436D-FFE3-75C6-2988D917D955

Time Awake Since Boot: 26000 seconds

System Integrity Protection: enabled

Crashed Thread:        0  Dispatch queue: com.apple.root.user-interactive-qos

Exception Type:        EXC_BAD_ACCESS (SIGSEGV)
Exception Codes:       KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS at 0x0000000000000110
Exception Note:        EXC_CORPSE_NOTIFY

Termination Signal:    Segmentation fault: 11
Termination Reason:    Namespace SIGNAL, Code 0xb
Terminating Process:   exc handler [84871]

VM Regions Near 0x110:
--> 
    __TEXT                      10f4e4000-10f4e8000    [   16K] r-x/r-x SM=COW  /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.10/3.10.7/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python

Application Specific Information:
dyld: in dlopen()
*** multi-threaded process forked ***
crashed on child side of fork pre-exec

Thread 0 Crashed:: Dispatch queue: com.apple.root.user-interactive-qos
0   libdispatch.dylib               0x00007fff20176b8b dispatch_apply_f + 775
1   com.apple.CoreFoundation        0x00007fff2050ce7c __104-[CFPrefsSearchListSource synchronouslySendDaemonMessage:andAgentMessage:andDirectMessage:replyHandler:]_block_invoke.81 + 97
2   com.apple.CoreFoundation        0x00007fff203bf04f CFPREFERENCES_IS_WAITING_FOR_SYSTEM_AND_USER_CFPREFSDS + 74
3   com.apple.CoreFoundation        0x00007fff203beeef -[CFPrefsSearchListSource synchronouslySendDaemonMessage:andAgentMessage:andDirectMessage:replyHandler:] + 181
4   com.apple.CoreFoundation        0x00007fff203bd995 -[CFPrefsSearchListSource alreadylocked_generationCountFromListOfSources:count:] + 220
5   com.apple.CoreFoundation        0x00007fff203bd6cf -[CFPrefsSearchListSource alreadylocked_getDictionary:] + 391
6   com.apple.CoreFoundation        0x00007fff203bd2d6 -[CFPrefsSearchListSource alreadylocked_copyValueForKey:] + 144
7   com.apple.CoreFoundation        0x00007fff203bd21f -[CFPrefsSource copyValueForKey:] + 47
8   com.apple.CoreFoundation        0x00007fff203bd1d1 __76-[_CFXPreferences copyAppValueForKey:identifier:container:configurationURL:]_block_invoke + 32
9   com.apple.CoreFoundation        0x00007fff203b5a0a __108-[_CFXPreferences(SearchListAdditions) withSearchListForIdentifier:container:cloudConfigurationURL:perform:]_block_invoke + 361
10  com.apple.CoreFoundation        0x00007fff2050d641 -[_CFXPreferences withSearchListForIdentifier:container:cloudConfigurationURL:perform:] + 372
11  com.apple.CoreFoundation        0x00007fff203b5485 -[_CFXPreferences copyAppValueForKey:identifier:container:configurationURL:] + 137
12  com.apple.CoreFoundation        0x00007fff203b53ba _CFPreferencesCopyAppValueWithContainerAndConfiguration + 101
13  com.apple.SystemConfiguration   0x00007fff20e5099b SCDynamicStoreCopyProxiesWithOptions + 155
14  _scproxy.cpython-310-darwin.so  0x000000011055b8cd get_proxy_settings + 32
15  org.python.python               0x000000010f5b1142 cfunction_vectorcall_NOARGS + 101
16  org.python.python               0x000000010f65e256 call_function + 172
17  org.python.python               0x000000010f6546d6 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault + 21975
18  org.python.python               0x000000010f64ddde _PyEval_Vector + 368
19  org.python.python               0x000000010f65e256 call_function + 172
20  org.python.python               0x000000010f6546d6 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault + 21975
21  org.python.python               0x000000010f64ddde _PyEval_Vector + 368
22  org.python.python               0x000000010f65e256 call_function + 172
23  org.python.python               0x000000010f6546d6 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault + 21975
24  org.python.python               0x000000010f64ddde _PyEval_Vector + 368
25  org.python.python               0x000000010f65e256 call_function + 172
26  org.python.python               0x000000010f6547a4 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault + 22181
27  org.python.python               0x000000010f64ddde _PyEval_Vector + 368
28  org.python.python               0x000000010f65e256 call_function + 172
29  org.python.python               0x000000010f6547a4 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault + 22181
30  org.python.python               0x000000010f64ddde _PyEval_Vector + 368
31  org.python.python               0x000000010f65e256 call_function + 172
32  org.python.python               0x000000010f655636 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault + 25911
33  org.python.python               0x000000010f64ddde _PyEval_Vector + 368
34  org.python.python               0x000000010f5651fe method_vectorcall + 160
35  org.python.python               0x000000010f562701 PyVectorcall_Call + 164
36  org.python.python               0x000000010f6500cd _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault + 4046
37  org.python.python               0x000000010f64ddde _PyEval_Vector + 368
38  org.python.python               0x000000010f562701 PyVectorcall_Call + 164
39  org.python.python               0x000000010f6500cd _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault + 4046
40  org.python.python               0x000000010f64ddde _PyEval_Vector + 368
41  org.python.python               0x000000010f65e256 call_function + 172
42  org.python.python               0x000000010f656bed _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault + 31470
43  org.python.python               0x000000010f64ddde _PyEval_Vector + 368
44  org.python.python               0x000000010f64dc5d PyEval_EvalCode + 112
45  org.python.python               0x000000010f6ac2ab run_eval_code_obj + 72
46  org.python.python               0x000000010f6ac231 run_mod + 96
47  org.python.python               0x000000010f6af461 PyRun_StringFlags + 120
48  org.python.python               0x000000010f6af3b1 PyRun_SimpleStringFlags + 69
49  org.python.python               0x000000010f6cbeb6 Py_RunMain + 410
50  org.python.python               0x000000010f6cd108 pymain_main + 35
51  org.python.python               0x000000010f6cd3d3 Py_BytesMain + 42
52  libdyld.dylib                   0x00007fff2032af3d start + 1

Thread 0 crashed with X86 Thread State (64-bit):
  rax: 0x00000001128040c0  rbx: 0x0000000000000100  rcx: 0x0000000000000000  rdx: 0x0000000000000001
  rdi: 0x00007fff201764e4  rsi: 0x00007fff806033c0  rbp: 0x00007ffee0719260  rsp: 0x00007ffee07191d0
   r8: 0x00000001128040c0   r9: 0x0000000000000000  r10: 0x0000000112800140  r11: 0x0000000112800000
  r12: 0x00000001128040c0  r13: 0x0000000000000000  r14: 0x00000000100020ff  r15: 0x0000000112804080
  rip: 0x00007fff20176b8b  rfl: 0x0000000000010206  cr2: 0x0000000000000110

Logical CPU:     0
Error Code:      0x00000006 (no mapping for user data write)
Trap Number:     14

Thread 0 instruction stream:
  41 0c 0f 8e 67 01 00 00-48 89 48 18 4c 89 70 08  A...g...H.H.L.p.
  4c 89 60 10 48 85 db 48-0f 44 d8 49 89 c4 41 ff  L.`.H..H.D.I..A.
  cd 75 a3 eb 1e 48 89 75-d0 48 89 55 c8 e8 1c ab  .u...H.u.H.U....
  01 00 48 8d 3d 80 f9 ff-ff 48 8b 55 c8 48 8b 75  ..H.=....H.U.H.u
  d0 eb 9e 41 c7 47 28 00-00 00 00 48 c7 43 10 00  ...A.G(....H.C..
  00 00 00 48 87 5e 30 48-85 db 0f 84 d7 00 00 00  ...H.^0H........
 [48]89 43 10 4c 89 ff e8-35 04 00 00 0f 28 45 b0  H.C.L...5....(E. <==
  65 0f 29 04 25 a0 00 00-00 48 83 c4 68 5b 41 5c  e.).%....H..h[A\
  41 5d 41 5e 41 5f 5d c3-65 8b 04 25 20 00 00 00  A]A^A_].e..% ...
  c1 e8 08 25 ff 3f 00 00-0f 84 d8 fd ff ff 0f bc  ...%.?..........
  c0 ff c0 e9 b2 fd ff ff-89 c2 bf 01 00 00 00 49  ...............I
  39 d1 73 06 99 41 f7 f9-89 c7 4d 89 ce 4c 0f af  9.s..A....M..L..

Thread 0 last branch register state not available.

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gershnik commented 2 years ago

@glic3rinu Thank you for the full crash report. On the first blush this doesn't seem to be anything related to setproctitle, (except that its presence or absence likely nudges another issue to sporadically manifest). There seems to be some issue with your Python installation - some shared library is broken or invalid. The code fails on loading of some shared library - unfortunately the crash report doesn't say which. You can see an almost identical crash here, for example, but in that case the crash did pinpoint the error. It could be that setproctitle library is damaged - uninstalling and reinstalling it might help. If not, though I hate to suggest something as annoying as this but perhaps reinstalling Python (yours seems to be brought by homebrew) can fix this? (One hint that setproctitle isn't directly involved is that it happens on 1.3.1 even without calling it. On that version nothing is actually done in that case other than to load a shared library)

glic3rinu commented 2 years ago

yep, what you are saying @gershnik makes a lot of sense. I will do further testing on a clean python installation.

glic3rinu commented 2 years ago

Unfortunately this is still happening after reinstalling python3 and purging all site-packages:

export PYTHONPATH=
rm -rf /usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/*
brew install python3  # upgraded from 3.10.7 to 3.10.8
pip3 install requests setproctitle

I believe requests imports a few c-extensions along. It is gonna be hard to find out which one it is causing the crash, for one will have to find out a way to reproduce it without requests :P.

gershnik commented 2 years ago

For what it worth I tried with Homebrew Python too (I usually use the natively installed one) and still no repro. Have you tried a different machine? Also perhaps brew remove python3 or some such to ensure clean state? (I don't normally use homebrew so not 100% sure how to guarantee clean slate there)

hynek commented 1 year ago

It seems like Apple changed something in macOS 13.2 because what used to work perfectly and / or with OBJC_DISABLE_INITIALIZE_FORK_SAFETY=YES now reliably crashes.

Here's a minimal reproducer:

import faulthandler
import os
import urllib.request

import setproctitle

faulthandler.enable()
if os.fork() == 0:
    urllib.request.getproxies()

Leads to:

Fatal Python error: Segmentation fault

Current thread 0x00007ff84f532640 (most recent call first):
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@3.11/3.11.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/urllib/request.py", line 2639 in getproxies_macosx_sysconf
  File "/usr/local/Cellar/python@3.11/3.11.1/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/urllib/request.py", line 2657 in getproxies
  File "/Users/hynek/tmp/crash.py", line 9 in <module>

Extension modules: setproctitle._setproctitle (total: 1)

Commenting out setproctitle fixes it.

urllib.request.getproxies() is used by httpx, that's how I know. :|

I've tried:

Do you want me to open a new ticket?

dvarrazzo commented 1 year ago

Maybe we should just make this package no-op on macOS?

hynek commented 1 year ago

that would be fine with me

gershnik commented 1 year ago

It reproduces for me too on 13.2. According to this the issue isn't limited to setproctitle and you might hit it with other libraries. However the workaround in that thread: running the Python interpreter with no_proxy=* environment variable, e.g.

no_proxy=\* python3 test.py

fixes it for me for the repro you provided.

@dvarrazzo the issue isn't specifically with py-setproctitle but with he fact that Python on Mac doesn't really support fork with no exec. Anyone who does it walks on thin ice until something breaks.

dvarrazzo commented 1 year ago

I am not a macOS user, and personally I think nobody should.

I have no problem in releasing a package dropping every functionality from macOS and just leave it working on Linux.

Is there any mode of work on macOS that is salvageable - detecting fork and make it no-op in that case - or should we go setproctitle = lambda x: None in all cases on macOS?

@hynek thank you for your repro. I think it would be better to create a new issue, yes.

gershnik commented 1 year ago

I suspect the number of people who rely on fork with no exec in Python on MacOS is tiny compared to regular folks who simply have many Python processes running and would benefit from this package. 😉 It is possible to use setproctitle "safely" if the import setproctitle is done after the fork in child/parent. My take is that a big bold warning in README to do that would be sufficient for advanced users who really need plain fork.

Aegdesil commented 1 year ago

It is possible to use setproctitle "safely" if the import setproctitle is done after the fork in child/parent.

Unfortunately this can be difficult, when setproctitle is used in a 3rd party library for instance. I would prefer being able to disable it based on an environment variable, so that the end user can more easily control the behavior if needed.

Also as a MacOS user I wouldn't mind always disabling it if it is too complicated to fix / maintain, however I would find it disappointing since the current version works for most people.

dvarrazzo commented 1 year ago

Do we have a way to detect the "thin-ice condition", by looking at process pid/ppid etc? Maybe storing the pid on import into a static var, and avoid to operate if getpid() <> stored_pid?

(I would prefer to avoid throwing the baby with the bathwater too).

gershnik commented 1 year ago

The problem is that all the "damage" is already done by import setproctitle. It eagerly initializes things and touches Apple libraries which, in turn, initializes them. Nothing is done after that and there is nothing to detect. Then after a fork a different library (urllib) also uses Apple's libraries. The Apple's code detects running under a different PID after being initialized and proactively crashes. This is new in macOS 13.2 it seems. Earlier versions were fine with such usage. Now if you go earlier in this issue to about Aug 2022 we made the initialization run on import in order to avoid a different manifestation of the same problem.

So it appears that the only safe (now and in any future version of macOS) way of using the library together with plain fork would be either:

Or

None of this is unique to setproctitle. Use another library that touches Apple libraries in the parent prior to fork and you will have the same issue after.

gershnik commented 1 year ago

With regards to a scenario of another library using setproctitle without host process control I don't think this is a realistic one or one that should be catered to. A library is a guest in a host process house. It has no business changing the process title on its own any more than a guest painting the host's house a different color unasked. 😄

dvarrazzo commented 1 year ago

If forking and not exec'ing is a thing documented not to do on macOS, and a program does a thing that shouldn't do, and doing so it explodes... is this genuinely a setproctitle issue?

If it is, either we fix it, or we rip off the feature. Otherwise, no action.

gershnik commented 1 year ago

It is kinda documented but not in any place a regular Python (or Node, or whatever not Apple) developer would think to look at or be aware of. It is also kinda documented for Python but again in not very visible places. See for example: https://docs.python.org/3/library/multiprocessing.html

Changed in version 3.8: On macOS, the spawn start method is now the default. The fork start method should be considered unsafe as it can lead to crashes of the subprocess. See bpo-33725.

My point is precisely that it is not a setproctitle issue. Beyond documenting that it is unsafe if used before fork (and potentially making it friendlier by not doing anything on import) I don't think any action is needed here.

dvarrazzo commented 1 year ago

That's ok then. We can keep both the baby together with the bathwater. :+1:

Maybe we can put a more prominent warning in our docs, and avoid the blame: see #127. @gershnik I'll write something and then I'll ask you for a review, if you can be so kind.

Thank you very much!