[#210] Initial setup for C language binding

[elBoberido]

Notes for Reviewer

This PR creates the initial setup for the C language bindings

• build the actual package on all supported platforms
• build the examples (in tree and out-of-tree)
• CI setup

I still need to add some content to the readmes

Pre-Review Checklist for the PR Author

1. [x] Add sensible notes for the reviewer
2. [x] PR title is short, expressive and meaningful
3. [x] Relevant issues are linked in the References section
4. [x] Every source code file has a copyright header with SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 OR MIT
5. [x] Branch follows the naming format (iox2-123-introduce-posix-ipc-example)
6. [x] Commits messages are according to this guideline
   • [x] Commit messages have the issue ID ([#123] Add posix ipc example)
   • [x] Commit author matches Eclipse Contributor Agreement (and ECA is signed)
7. [x] Tests follow the best practice for testing
8. [x] Changelog updated in the unreleased section including API breaking changes
9. [x] Assign PR to reviewer
10. [x] All checks have passed (except task-list-completed)

Checklist for the PR Reviewer

• [x] Commits are properly organized and messages are according to the guideline
• [x] Unit tests have been written for new behavior
• [x] Public API is documented
• [x] PR title describes the changes

Post-review Checklist for the PR Author

1. [x] All open points are addressed and tracked via issues

References

Relates to #210

[elfenpiff]

@elBoberido I tested it and everything works great. The first step into C land feels great.

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 0% with 116 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 79.27%. Comparing base (dcfaf01) to head (ec4701c). Report is 18 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

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