cdbg: better error reporting on `deploy` failure

[daniel-weisse]

Context

cdbg deploy may fail for multiple reasons. In some cases, we have extra error information that should be reported back to the user.

Proposed change(s)

• Don't treat UPLOAD_FILES_START_FAILED as an unknown error
• Return error message on UPLOAD_FILES_START_FAILED and UPLOAD_FILES_UPLOAD_FAILED

Related issue

• https://github.com/edgelesssys/issues/issues/609
  • This issue won't be fixed by this PR, but helps with debugging

Additional info

• To properly receive the error messages, new debug images are needed. The cdbg CLI still works with old images though.

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Coverage report

Package	Old	New	Trend
debugd/internal/cdbg/cmd	0.00%	0.00%	:construction:
debugd/internal/debugd/server	36.20%	36.00%	:arrow_lower_right:
debugd/service	0.00%	0.00%	:construction: