Enable Circuit Breaker tracking in more parts of the aggregations framework

Description

This meta issue tracks the effort to extend circuit breaker memory tracking beyond the collect phase of aggregations. There are several existing issues related to this, which do a good job of describing the problem (and are linked below), but we need a place to track the tasks for fixing this. That's what this issue is for.

Plan

Currently (8.4) aggregations create an object per collected bucket, called InternalAggregation. These objects are stored in the QuerySearchResult which is responsible for serializing them from the data nodes back to the coordinator, and also for de-serializing them on coordinator side. Managing these objects is quite tricky, and does not provide good places to inject the circuit breaker logic.

Instead, we want to move to a dense representation, which would create one object per aggregator. These objects would be Releasable, and responsible for tracking both the post-collection data node side memory usage and the reduce time coordinating node memory usage. Obviously this involves a (big) change to the wire format used for QuerySearchResult. Doing this in a backwards compatible way is non trivial.

Tasks

[x] Improve testing for post collection memory access
- In particular, we need to be able to validate that we don't access something that was "released" at the end of the collect phase.
- https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/90114
- https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/90149
- https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/90530
- https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/90540
- https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/90699
- https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/90775
- https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/91598
[ ] Netty Buffer Backed BigArrays
- [x] For BigIntArray (https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/89668)
- [x] For BigLongArray (#91641)
- [x] For BigByteArray (#92706)
- [ ] For BigObjectArray
- [x] For BigDoubleArray (#90745)
- [ ] For BigFloatArray
[ ] Add in support for a new aggregations response format into QuerySearchResult. We can lay the ground work for this without defining too much about the format itself
- [x] Add support for releasing aggregation big arrays in QuerySearchResult (https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/94023)
- [ ] Write side mixed version support
[ ] Data Node Local Reduce in Big Arrays
- [ ] New reduction logic (prototype: https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/95346)
  - Since we don't have the object hierarchy of the InternalAggregations to work with, we need a pure ordinals based reduction path.
  - [ ] Sorted Key Iterator for LongKeyedBucketOrds (https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/95809)
  - [ ] Sorted Key Iterator for BytesKeyedBucketOrds
  - [ ] Migrate those iterators to be backed by BigArrays
  - [ ] Use Primitive Iterators
- [ ] Wire up the reduce side circuit breakers, make sure new reduce time big arrays are correctly released
- [ ] AggregatorTestCase coverage of the new reduce logic, some how
- [ ] Reduce phase circuit breaker tests, verify that MockBigArrays in AggregatorTestCase is correctly catching leaks in the new reduce path
- [ ] Reduce with Cranky Circuit Breaker tests
[ ] Dense Wire Format
- [ ] LongKeyedBucketOrds and friends need to become Writable, same as we did with BigArrays (and probably leaning on the buffer backed big arrays)
- [ ] Reduce side version detection (i.e. downgrade some results if we got mixed old and new format
- [ ] CCS version detection, re-writing as appropriate

Vague Tasks

[ ] Prototype a dense representation that addresses the memory concerns. Initially this can be done with the non-recycling big arrays instance, but long term needs to be wired up to a real circuit breaker.
- [ ] Works for Max
- [ ] Works for Range
- [ ] Works for Cardinality
- [ ] Works for Terms
[ ] Make sure the prototype dense representation also solves the normalization concerns within terms
[ ] Validate prototype (many reviews)
[ ] BWC, Mixed Mode, CCS testing, testing, testing
[ ] convert the rest of the aggs

elastic / elasticsearch