Add support for cgroup v2

Hi Elastic,

please add support to fetch and export cgroup metrics when using cgroup v2.

cgroup v2 is now mostly used by default in current Linux distributions and kernel.

Within elasticsearch, code has already been introduced to parse the cgroup v2 structure (see also https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/blob/main/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/monitor/os/OsProbe.java#L688-L708)

Currently https://github.com/elastic/logstash/blob/main/logstash-core/lib/logstash/instrument/periodic_poller/cgroup.rb only supports parsing cgroup v1 structure. Example information of logstash, running in debug mode within k8s 1.22.4.

logstash@logstash:/opt$ cat /proc/1/environ | tr '\0' '\n' | grep LS_JAVA_OPTS
LS_JAVA_OPTS=-Dls.cgroup.cpuacct.path.override=/ -Dls.cgroup.cpu.path.override=/ -Dnetworkaddress.cache.ttl=60
logstash@logstash:/opt$ stat -fc %T /sys/fs/cgroup/
cgroup2fs
logstash@logstash:/opt$ cat /proc/1/cgroup
0::/
logstash@logstash:/opt$ cat /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu.stat
usage_usec 406966269
user_usec 345440634
system_usec 61525634
nr_periods 18442
nr_throttled 151
throttled_usec 72231939
logstash@logstash:/opt$ uname -a
Linux logstash 5.15.63-flatcar #1 SMP Mon Aug 29 18:27:27 -00 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
logstash@logstash:/opt$

And when looking into the logs of logstash, we see

{"level":"DEBUG","loggerName":"logstash.instrument.periodicpoller.cgroup","timeMillis":1663308955317,"thread":"LogStash::Runner","logEvent":{"message":"One or more required cgroup files or directories not found: /proc/self/cgroup, /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuacct, /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu"}}

That simply results in fully empty os object when accessing the Logstash API

logstash@logstash:/opt$ curl localhost:9600/_node/stats/os?pretty
{
  "host" : "logstash",
  "version" : "8.4.1",
  "http_address" : "0.0.0.0:9600",
  "id" : "c862a7cf-5c38-463d-a5e6-df2286eb38d2",
  "name" : "logstash",
  "ephemeral_id" : "37bce372-266d-4ba4-9b70-7dee4dbf1097",
  "status" : "green",
  "snapshot" : false,
  "pipeline" : {
    "workers" : 4,
    "batch_size" : 125,
    "batch_delay" : 50
  },
  "monitoring" : {
    "cluster_uuid" : "some_cluster_id"
  },
  "os" : { }
}logstash@logstash:/opt$

elastic / logstash

Add support for cgroup v2 #14534