fix(lib): update so lib build works

[finger563]

Description

• Update logger so return type of get_time() is std::string instead of auto, to help lib building
• Update lib to have interfaces and include/src files updated for base_peripheral, base_component, and logger.cpp
• Update python examples with updated APIs for task configs

Motivation and Context

The lib is helpful for testing communications with a device from a PC using c++ or python. This PR ensures that the lib is up to date (will build working libraries) and that the pc and python folder test codes all work.

How has this been tested?

• Running lib/build.sh from within lib
• Running pc/build.sh from within pc, and then running pc/build/task and pc/build/timer
• Running the python tests:
  • python/task.py
  • python/timer.py
  • python/udp_client.py
  • python/udp_server.py

Screenshots (if appropriate, e.g. schematic, board, console logs, lab pictures):

PC (c++)

Python

Types of changes

• [x] Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• [ ] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• [ ] Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• [ ] Documentation Update
• [ ] Hardware (schematic, board, system design) change
• [x] Software change

Checklist:

• [ ] My change requires a change to the documentation.
• [ ] I have added / updated the documentation related to this change via either README or WIKI

Software

• [ ] I have added tests to cover my changes.
• [ ] I have updated the .github/workflows/build.yml file to add my new test to the automated cloud build github action.
• [x] All new and existing tests passed.
• [x] My code follows the code style of this project.

[github-actions[bot]]

:white_check_mark:Static analysis result - no issues found! :white_check_mark: