Add documentation for MCP3201 A/D converter

[zagor]

Description:

Add documentation for MCP3201 A/C converter

Pull request in esphome with YAML changes (if applicable): esphome/esphome#7813

Checklist:

• [X] I am merging into next because this is new documentation that has a matching pull-request in esphome as linked above.
  or

• [ ] I am merging into current because this is a fix, change and/or adjustment in the current documentation and is not for a new component or feature.

• [ ] Link added in /index.rst when creating new documents for new components or cookbook.

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