Refine Take-A-Number

[angelikatyborska]

Resolves https://github.com/exercism/elixir/issues/1482

This PR reverts https://github.com/exercism/elixir/pull/1486 - see my new comment in that PR to know why.

This PR re-distributes work between step 1 and step 2. Previously, step 1 assumed you would already start the receive loop. That doesn't make sense because there is no unit test for step 1 that could test that you have done this correctly. So I'm moving that to step 2.

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