CI: moderinize compilers and cleanup

[wirew0rm]

• add gcc13 and clang17
• remove clang15
• also run on PRs not targeted at main
• emscripten: change from difficult to maintain hash (was a workaround to use the system nodejs) to proper releases
• emscripten: update version from 3.1.30 to 3.1.43

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Comparison is base (df17c90) 55.83% compared to head (97f6ac1) 56.17%.

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #319 +/- ## ========================================== + Coverage 55.83% 56.17% +0.34% ========================================== Files 65 65 Lines 7202 7083 -119 Branches 2626 2622 -4 ========================================== - Hits 4021 3979 -42 + Misses 1510 1433 -77 Partials 1671 1671 ``` [see 31 files with indirect coverage changes](https://app.codecov.io/gh/fair-acc/opencmw-cpp/pull/319/indirect-changes?src=pr&el=tree-more&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=github&utm_content=comment&utm_campaign=pr+comments&utm_term=fair-acc)

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