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Evidence showing biological disturbance in Long-Haulers

Tomás Schmauck
3 days ago·2 min read
It wouldn’t be surprising to anyone with Long-COVID (chronic-COVID, etc) the fact that most (if not all) their examinations come fine, which tends to create an important disbelieve by the medical community. In addition, not knowing what is not right makes it harder to find a solution.
Luckily for Long-Haulers, scientists at IncellDx seem to have found blood markers that show biological disturbance in Long Haulers (see paper here). Furthermore, they have developed a Long Hauler Index algorithm. This algorithm when training was capable of predicting with 97% precision who is a severe case of COVID-19, a long hauler and a non-severe-non-long hauler. After, in the testing split, this predictor was 100% precise with a 100% recall.
In summary, the paper has identified the following markers:
Interleukin-2 is significantly elevated in Long-Covid. This is a type of cytokine signaling molecule that regulates the activity of white blood cells.
Interleukin-4 is significantly elevated in Long-Covid. This is a cytokine (produced by mast cells) that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells
CCL3 is significantly elevated in Long-Covid. This is a chemokine involved in the acute inflammatory state. It also recruits and activates polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Interleukin-6 is significantly elevated in Long-Covid. This is a type of cytokine (secreted by macrophages) that stimulates the production of neutrophils in the bone marrow.
Interleukin-10 is significantly elevated in Long-Covid.
IFNγ is significantly elevated in Long-Covid. This is a type of cytokine produced by NK and NKT cells as immune response.
VEGF is significantly elevated in Long-Covid. This protein stimulates the formation of blood vessels.
GM-CSF is significantly decreased in Long-Covid. Cytokine that promotes neutrophil proliferation and maturation.
CCL4 is significantly decreased in Long-Covid.
In addition, there were 3 extra findings:
There was no evidence of T-cell exhaustion.
Long Haulers, mild and severe cases all show elevated CCL5 (RANTES).
B-cells, CD14+ and CD16+ monocytic subset were significantly elevated.
The pre-print of the paper can be found here. I recommend reading it for further clarification.
This opens a bigger door for scientist to target this issues with appropiate treatment. In addition, Dr. Bruce Patterson (first author of the paper) in a recent interview (where he talks about the research) has emphasized the following:
“To all the Long Haulers out there, I’m very very hopeful, I have no doubt… There is a lot of doubts I have in medicine but this isn’t one of them. I think this is going to be treatable. I think this is going to be a situation where you can get back to where you were. How long it’s gonna take will depend on the appropiate therapies…” (See the interview here, the quote is from 01:10:05).
60
Long Hauler Index
Bruce Patterson
Rantes
Long Covid
Covid 19
More from Tomás Schmauck
Follow
Neuroscientist interested in ageing and longevity.
Nov 7
What we seem to ignore about COVID-19 immunity
Are we really immune once we survive COVID-19?


Earlier this year, a Chinese study published in the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection caused panic among the public due to the conclusions made by the authors:
“We herein estimated the longevity of specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in a moderate COVID-19 patient, and reported that antibodies disappeared within 3 months after the onset of the symptoms.”
These claims alarmed the general population, as many understood that the lack of antibodies would be a synonym for lack of immunity. …
Read more · 3 min read
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https://tschmauck.medium.com/finally-evidence-to-why-long-haulers-are-still-ill-512d54f8b164
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Evidence showing biological disturbance in Long-Haulers

Tomás Schmauck
3 days ago·2 min read
It wouldn’t be surprising to anyone with Long-COVID (chronic-COVID, etc) the fact that most (if not all) their examinations come fine, which tends to create an important disbelieve by the medical community. In addition, not knowing what is not right makes it harder to find a solution.
Luckily for Long-Haulers, scientists at IncellDx seem to have found blood markers that show biological disturbance in Long Haulers (see paper here). Furthermore, they have developed a Long Hauler Index algorithm. This algorithm when training was capable of predicting with 97% precision who is a severe case of COVID-19, a long hauler and a non-severe-non-long hauler. After, in the testing split, this predictor was 100% precise with a 100% recall.
In summary, the paper has identified the following markers:
Interleukin-2 is significantly elevated in Long-Covid. This is a type of cytokine signaling molecule that regulates the activity of white blood cells.
Interleukin-4 is significantly elevated in Long-Covid. This is a cytokine (produced by mast cells) that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells
CCL3 is significantly elevated in Long-Covid. This is a chemokine involved in the acute inflammatory state. It also recruits and activates polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Interleukin-6 is significantly elevated in Long-Covid. This is a type of cytokine (secreted by macrophages) that stimulates the production of neutrophils in the bone marrow.
Interleukin-10 is significantly elevated in Long-Covid.
IFNγ is significantly elevated in Long-Covid. This is a type of cytokine produced by NK and NKT cells as immune response.
VEGF is significantly elevated in Long-Covid. This protein stimulates the formation of blood vessels.
GM-CSF is significantly decreased in Long-Covid. Cytokine that promotes neutrophil proliferation and maturation.
CCL4 is significantly decreased in Long-Covid.
In addition, there were 3 extra findings:
There was no evidence of T-cell exhaustion.
Long Haulers, mild and severe cases all show elevated CCL5 (RANTES).
B-cells, CD14+ and CD16+ monocytic subset were significantly elevated.
The pre-print of the paper can be found here. I recommend reading it for further clarification.
This opens a bigger door for scientist to target this issues with appropiate treatment. In addition, Dr. Bruce Patterson (first author of the paper) in a recent interview (where he talks about the research) has emphasized the following:
“To all the Long Haulers out there, I’m very very hopeful, I have no doubt… There is a lot of doubts I have in medicine but this isn’t one of them. I think this is going to be treatable. I think this is going to be a situation where you can get back to where you were. How long it’s gonna take will depend on the appropiate therapies…” (See the interview here, the quote is from 01:10:05).
60
Long Hauler Index
Bruce Patterson
Rantes
Long Covid
Covid 19
More from Tomás Schmauck
Follow
Neuroscientist interested in ageing and longevity.
Nov 7
What we seem to ignore about COVID-19 immunity
Are we really immune once we survive COVID-19?


Earlier this year, a Chinese study published in the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection caused panic among the public due to the conclusions made by the authors:
“We herein estimated the longevity of specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in a moderate COVID-19 patient, and reported that antibodies disappeared within 3 months after the onset of the symptoms.”
These claims alarmed the general population, as many understood that the lack of antibodies would be a synonym for lack of immunity. …
Read more · 3 min read
1
More From Medium
Understanding How T Cell Receptors Recognize Proteins, Lipids, and Metabolites
Nancy R. Gough, PhD in The Startup


Discovering DNA: the Farm Boy and the Grasshoppers
ScienceDuuude in Exploring History


Superconductivity and ferromagnetism fight an even match
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology


Voyager 2 Can Finally Probe the Rarified Plasma Surrounding Our Solar System
Popular Science in Popular Science


About Scientific Theories
Nicolus Rotich in Cantor’s Paradise


This Is the Most Expensive Substance on Earth
Aditya Sharma in TechTalkers


How long did it take for Gondor to call for aid?
Amelia Brown


What You Need to Know About the Infamous #MedBikini Study
Caitlin Laughney, MSW in BeingWell


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