Add parameter validation for the Sphere

[leouieda]

Add a check method for the radius (make sure it's > 0). For some reason, the check for the geocentric gravitational constant wasn't being inherited from Ellipsoid so I added that to Sphere as well. Includes tests to make sure the checks are executed.

Reminders:

• [ ] Run make format and make check to make sure the code follows the style guide.
• [ ] Add tests for new features or tests that would have caught the bug that you're fixing.
• [ ] Add new public functions/methods/classes to doc/api/index.rst and the base __init__.py file for the package.
• [ ] Write detailed docstrings for all functions/classes/methods. It often helps to design better code if you write the docstrings first.
• [ ] If adding new functionality, add an example to the docstring, gallery, and/or tutorials.
• [ ] Add your full name, affiliation, and ORCID (optional) to the AUTHORS.md file (if you haven't already) in case you'd like to be listed as an author on the Zenodo archive of the next release.

[leouieda]

That's my guess. The methods and attributes are inherited but they aren't linked properly.