work on pw iast comment

[funderburkjim]

comment preparation for PW IAST, prepared for https://github.com/sanskrit-lexicon/Cologne/issues/227

[funderburkjim]

PW iast

We've tackled the peculiarities of IAST in PW previously:

• 183

• PWK#14

But I found no good summary of the differences, so will present the following summary. I go in with the suspicion that the PW IAST is surely almost the same as the PWG IAST summarized in previous comment.

[funderburkjim]

Sanskrit words are generally shown in Devanagari (coded as SLP1 in the digitization); accents are used.

However, as discussed in #195, the printed text uses Latin letters with diacritics in

• literary source abbreviations within the body of the dictionary
• in the list of abbreviations appearing in the forward
• in 'widely spaced' text within the body (these are marked as <is>X</is> in digitization).

A summary comparing PW's IAST and modern IAST:

• short vowels agree with modern IAST: a,i,u,ṛ.
• The ḷ vowel unused, either short or long
• The long form of the vowels uses circumflex, rather than macron: â, î, û, (no long ṛ found)
• Visarga uses modern ḥ ; anusvara uses m̃ insteady of modern ṃ.
• The diphthongs are e , o, ai, ao (same as modern)
• In the gutturals, cerebrals, dentals, and labials,
  • the unaspirated form agrees with modern IAST: k, g, ṭ, ḍ, t, d, p, b.
  • the aspirated forms add an h, as does modern IAST
  • guttural nasal is ñ instead of ṅ; other 3 are same as modern: ṇ , n , m
• Palatals are all different: ḱ, ḱh, ǵ, ǵh (no instances) and ń are used for modern c, ch, j, jh, ñ
• These semivowls are modern r, l, v ; j is used for modern semivowel 'y'.
• ḷ is used for the Vedic consonant. (3 times Iḷâ, one time Aiḷa)

There are also differences in the way the PWG text represents Devanagari accents, in comparison to the Unicode Vedic extensions. See this documentation of PWG accents.