Open funderburkjim opened 5 years ago
Recall the general endings for the 1-stem models.
The masculine and feminine declensions are the same.
For neuter declension, same rules as above, but also
This occurs in compound sarva-Sak; shown as example by Kale, p. 56.
Case | S | D | P |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | Sak | SakO | SakaH |
Accusative | Sakam | SakO | SakaH |
Instrumental | SakA | SagByAm | SagBiH |
Dative | Sake | SagByAm | SagByaH |
Ablative | SakaH | SagByAm | SagByaH |
Genitive | SakaH | SakoH | SakAm |
Locative | Saki | SakoH | Sakzu |
Vocative | Sak | SakO | SakaH |
Case | S | D | P |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | Sak | SakI | SaNki |
Accusative | Sak | SakI | SaNki |
Instrumental | SakA | SagByAm | SagBiH |
Dative | Sake | SagByAm | SagByaH |
Ablative | SakaH | SagByAm | SagByaH |
Genitive | SakaH | SakoH | SakAm |
Locative | Saki | SakoH | Sakzu |
Vocative | Sak | SakI | SaNki |
The masculine and feminine declensions are the same.
For neuter declension, same rules as above, but also
Note: no published examples of 1-stem ending in g are found. The following declensions show application of above rules.
In MW entries, this occurs only in the compound su-valg.
Case | S | D | P |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | valk | valgO | valgaH |
Accusative | valgam | valgO | valgaH |
Instrumental | valgA | valgByAm | valgBiH |
Dative | valge | valgByAm | valgByaH |
Ablative | valgaH | valgByAm | valgByaH |
Genitive | valgaH | valgoH | valgAm |
Locative | valgi | valgoH | valkzu |
Vocative | valk | valgO | valgaH |
Case | S | D | P |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | valk | valgI | valNgi |
Accusative | valk | valgI | valNgi |
Instrumental | valgA | valgByAm | valgBiH |
Dative | valge | valgByAm | valgByaH |
Ablative | valgaH | valgByAm | valgByaH |
Genitive | valgaH | valgoH | valgAm |
Locative | valgi | valgoH | valkzu |
Vocative | valk | valgI | valNgi |
The form valNgi seems odd; perhaps the ending compound consonant lg has some effect.
Kale mentions (section 91(a)) a rule regarding 1s forms that is NOT applied here --
[In the nom. singular] If there be a conjunct consonant at the end of a word the first consonant only is retained.
The masculine and feminine declensions are the same.
For neuter declension, same rules as above, but also
Declension of m_1_G rAG Note: MW confirms the Nom. Singular | Case | S | D | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | rAk | rAGO | rAGaH | |
Accusative | rAGam | rAGO | rAGaH | |
Instrumental | rAGA | rAgByAm | rAgBiH | |
Dative | rAGe | rAgByAm | rAgByaH | |
Ablative | rAGaH | rAgByAm | rAgByaH | |
Genitive | rAGaH | rAGoH | rAGAm | |
Locative | rAGi | rAGoH | rAkzu | |
Vocative | rAk | rAGO | rAGaH |
There are no instances of neuter nominals ending in 'G' in MW (or in other sources examined). So the following declension is theoretical.
Case | S | D | P |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | rAk | rAGI | rANGi |
Accusative | rAk | rAGI | rANGi |
Instrumental | rAGA | rAgByAm | rAgBiH |
Dative | rAGe | rAgByAm | rAgByaH |
Ablative | rAGaH | rAgByAm | rAgByaH |
Genitive | rAGaH | rAGoH | rAGAm |
Locative | rAGi | rAGoH | rAkzu |
Vocative | rAk | rAGI | rANGi |
MW gives the following:
saragh f. (of unknown derivation; only in nom. sg. saraṭ dat. pl. saraḍbhyaḥ, and nom. pl. saraghaḥ) a bee, RV. ; TS. ; ŚBr.
Our declension here has been adjusted in light of this presumed irregularity:
Case | S | D | P |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | saraw | saraGO | saraGaH |
Accusative | saraGam | saraGO | saraGaH |
Instrumental | saraGA | saraqByAm | saraqBiH |
Dative | saraGe | saraqByAm | saraqByaH |
Ablative | saraGaH | saraqByAm | saraqByaH |
Genitive | saraGaH | saraGoH | saraGAm |
Locative | saraGi | saraGoH | sarawsu |
Vocative | saraw | saraGO | saraGaH |
For a general discussion of declension of the nominals ending in consonants and declined with the '1-stem' models, see #41.
From analyze_1cons.txt we extract the following frequency information for nominals ending in a guttural and declined with the '1-stem' models.