Improve Quoted-Printable encoding

[Maria-12648430]

The current implementation of encode_quoted_printable/3 is a bit crude (no offense, really 😜), especially when it comes to lines reaching the limit of 76 characters, resorting to string functions to retrieve the last line and finding whitespaces in there.

The improved version encode_quoted_printable/6 which I'm proposing here works by remembering the occurences of linear whitespaces (including HTABs), and otherwise only look-aheads in the original data to see if a CRLF follows the current character. I also refactored the encoding of characters itself to work via integer operations only, thereby getting rid of all the io:format and lists:flatten calls.

I admit that my implementation isn't exactly easy on the eye, but that is because QP-encoding itself is tricky. And IMO, the current implementation isn't that easy to figure out, either 😉

I left the current tests untouched in what they test, only replaced the calls to the helper function encode_quoted_printable/3 (of which I don't see the point) with calls to the API function encode_quoted_printable/1. I also removed one test, "newline craziness", of which I also fail to see the point 🤔

Finally, I put in a micro-optimization in choose_transformation/1 which avoids division and rounding and only uses multiplication to figure out if the percentage of printable characters in the sample is above 80.

[EDIT]: Just noticed an edge case in which a line could exceed the length limit :laughing: Will fix and update the PR tomorrow.

[Maria-12648430]

The current quoted_printable has some kind of bug where it strips some trailing(?) whitespaces and tabs. Do you think the new implementation fixes that (so Trim calls could be removed)?

Yes, indeed 😄 The problem with the current encoder is that it does not fulfill the requirements of (3) of RFC 2045 Section 6.7 fully: while it does encode WSPs that are followed by CRLF, it does not encode them when they are the last character in the body. The new implementation handles that properly.

[mworrell]

Nice work!

@seriyps do you want to address the Trim in that one test or shall we accept this as-is?

[Maria-12648430]

@mworrell working on an update for the PR, almost done. I'll remove the Trim along with that, it's not needed any more, encoding and decoding will match up 😄

[Maria-12648430]

Last commit fixes the line length bug I had in my first implementation, adds some tests for a few edge cases, augments another test to ensure that whitespaces are encoded when last character, and removes the trimming from the proptest.

[Maria-12648430]

One last micro-optimization before I leave this in your hands, in choose_transformation: The current implementation determines the number of allowed ASCII characters by calling length/1 on the result of a filtering list comprehension. I changed this to call byte_size/1 on the result of an equivalent binary comprehension. byte_size is a constant-time operation, while length is proportional to the number of list elements.

[mworrell]

I am very happy with this. Tests are also looking good.

@seriyps shall we merge?

[seriyps]

Yes, looks good!

[mworrell]

Merged, thank you @Maria-12648430 !

[juhlig]

Impressive 😮