Fix dynamic cast leads the undefined symbol in clang/msys2/windows

[yhmtsai]

It is reported in #1654 . We have some undefined symbol when building the shared library (libginkgo_reference) by the clang-18 from msys2 in windows.

In clang 18 (at least), the compiler include convert_to/move_to/... virtual function as undefined symbols when we use dynamic_cast. These symbols are from ConvertibleTo<..>, which contain general function like convert_to calling virtual functions, such that these functions are considered in the library. It can be observed with clang-18 on linux, too. However, there are different behaviors between systems.

• Linux - allow any undefined symbol when building shared library.
• MacOS - allow undefined symbol with -undefined dynamic_lookup
• Windows (specific to clang in msys2) - clang ld.lld has --allow-shlib-undefined, which is enabled by default, but it seems to be available in Linux https://man.archlinux.org/man/extra/lld/ld.lld.1.en In the environment, I check the help documentation and the linker also reports unknown argument when passing the argument.

The older compiler or gcc compiler put these function as weak symbol, so it does not complain undefined symbols.

This PR moves the matrix/preconditioner dispatch from the kernels to core such that there are no dynamic_cast in the codes.

It also needs to add -fno-assume-unique-vtables to clang/msys2/windowns to make the dynamic_cast to the class marked by final work. https://reviews.llvm.org/D154658 should be relevant

TODO:

• [x] make the macros work in MSVC

[sonarcloud[bot]]

Quality Gate failed

Failed conditions
20.7% Duplication on New Code (required ≤ 20%)

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 84.84848% with 5 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 91.63%. Comparing base (75434f7) to head (1bff73b). Report is 11 commits behind head on develop.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
test/preconditioner/batch_jacobi_kernels.cpp	0.00%	3 Missing :warning:
core/device_hooks/common_kernels.inc.cpp	0.00%	2 Missing :warning:

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## develop #1724 +/- ## =========================================== + Coverage 89.94% 91.63% +1.68% =========================================== Files 782 782 Lines 63456 63243 -213 =========================================== + Hits 57078 57952 +874 + Misses 6378 5291 -1087 ```

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