Bump package dependencies to latest available in conda

[ulupo]

Reference issues/PRs Relevant to #442. Suggested by @gtauzin in the course of that PR (https://github.com/giotto-ai/giotto-tda/pull/442#discussion_r464058859).

Types of changes

• [ ] Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• [ ] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• [x] Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)

Description Bumps our core dependencies to the latest available in conda (which in several cases also means the latest on PyPI). In the case of scikit-learn and joblib, this is done to maintain our tight integration with those libraries. In other cases, there is no strong argument that I know of for retrocompatibility, but I'd welcome opinions.

Checklist

• [x] I have read the guidelines for contributing.
• [x] My code follows the code style of this project. I used flake8 to check my Python changes.
• [ ] My change requires a change to the documentation.
• [x] I have updated the documentation accordingly.
• [ ] I have added tests to cover my changes.
• [ ] All new and existing tests passed. I used pytest to check this on Python tests.