facilitate name matching by adding ability to "stem" names to help match gendered names

[jhpoelen]

Anecdotal evidence suggests that latin gender dependent suffixes cause apparent mismatched names across taxonomic name authorities / publication.

See e.g., notes published at https://github.com/mammaldiversity/mammaldiversity.github.io/issues/23 related to discussion between @n8upham @jellezijlstra on 2023-01-22 .

"[...] Lycalopex spelling (-)

I treat Lycalopex as feminine and consequently use the specific epithets grisea, gymnocerca, and vetula. MDD uses names in -us instead.

Lycalopex derives from the Greek ἀλώπηξ alôpêx "fox", which is feminine (LSJ).

The specific epithets griseus ("gray") and vetulus ("elderly") are definitely adjectives, so they should change with the gender of the genus; gymnocercus ("naked-tailed") could conceivably be interpreted as a noun in apposition instead to preserve the original form. [...]

Also, note @dimus comment in a fuzzy name matching discussion:

"[...] I use stemmed version of names, because sometimes suffixes of specific epithets are not stable, mostly because people make a mistake with gender of the epithet and others do fix it later. The stemmed algorithm is in gnparser: https://github.com/gnames/gnparser/blob/master/ent/stemmer/stemmer.go

Originally posted by @dimus in https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/nomer/issues/78#issuecomment-1089221220 [...]

[jhpoelen]

Suggest to implement something that generates likely alternative names, or derive the likely stem of the word.

e.g.,

:warning: my Latin is very rusty , so apologies for my stemming skills in advance.

Lycalopex vetulus -[:has_stem]-> Lycalopex vetul
Lycalopex vetula  -[:has_stem]-> Lycalopex vetul

which implies

Lycalopex vetulus -[:same_stem_as]-> Lycalopex vetula
Lycalopex vetula  -[:same_stem_as]-> Lycalopex vetulus

which some may interpret as:

Lycalopex vetulus -[:same_as]-> Lycalopex vetula
Lycalopex vetula  -[:same_as]-> Lycalopex vetulus

or, suggested by @jellezijlstra (correct me if I am wrong)

Lycalopex vetulus -[:misgendered_name_of]-> Lycalopex vetula

[jhpoelen]

Reference extracted from comments in @dimus Go implementation of

[...] // http://snowballstem.org/otherapps/schinke/ // http://caio.ueberalles.net/a_stemming_algorithm_for_latin_text_databases-schinke_et_al.pdf // // The Schinke Latin stemming algorithm is described in, // Schinke R, Greengrass M, Robertson AM and Willett P (1996) // A stemming algorithm for Latin text databases. Journal of Documentation, 52: 172-187. [...]

[JelleZijlstra]

Is your use case here to facilitate searching, so e.g. someone searching for Lycalopex vetulus will see results whether the original author of the information in your database spelled it vetulus or vetula?

In that case I would suggest just stemming so both names map to vetul-. I would try to avoid deciding which name is correct unless you really need to, since that's a much harder problem than deciding that two names differing in ending are the same.

You don't need full Latin stemming because we only care about nominative singular endings; the code you link appears to also handle other cases and verb forms, which is much harder. My notes on common adjectives that show up in mammal nomenclature are at http://hesperomys.com/docs/species-name-complex; you'll get most of the way there just unifying -us/-a/-um, -is/-e, and a few special cases like major/majus and niger/nigra.

A similar problem concerns names ending in -i vs. -ii; those very frequently lead to spelling variations. The ICZN Article 58 specifies a number of patterns that make two species names into homonyms even if they have slightly different spellings. In my experience, -i vs. -ii is by far the most common among those, but you could try to also normalize some of the others. However, those rules apply only if the derivation of the two names is the same, which is difficult to figure out programmatically.

[jhpoelen]

@JelleZijlstra thanks for sharing your insights and notes.

Is your use case here to facilitate searching, so e.g. someone searching for Lycalopex vetulus will see results whether the original author of the information in your database spelled it vetulus or vetula?

Yes, in this context, my use case is to make it easier to relate likely variations of the same name to help facilitate integration and review across existing datasets (e.g., a user performing some interactive search, your efforts with n8upham to compare MDD/Hesperomys).

In my mind, these auto-generated relation suggestions are likely less valuable than the (opinionated?) claims by experts. And, with the auto-generated relations hopefully help highlight areas of interest and help facilitate data synthesis (integration) activities.

[jhpoelen]

Example from @ajacsherman

name_HMW2019	name_batnames	name_MDD
synonym of Carollia brevicaudum	Carollia brevicauda	Carollia brevicaudum colombiana

[jhpoelen]

related to https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/nomer/issues/105

[jhpoelen]

A slack chat thread from 2024-06-26 with @n8upham

Oh, and @Nathan Upham (mammaldiversity.org) , I took the wikidata matcher introduced in Nomer v0.5.11 https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/nomer/releases/tag/0.5.11 for a little test ride using curl -L https://github.com/mammaldiversity/mammaldiversity.github.io/raw/master/_data/mdd.csv\ | mlr --icsv --otsvlite cat\ | tr '_' ' ' |\ nomer append --properties my.properties wikidata\ | grep NONE\ | grep Chiroptera\ | cut -f1 and found that 16 bat species mentioned in MDD do not have a wikidata entry (Rhinolophus sinicus does https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1767536 !). Why? Are these 16 bat species too scary to be exposed to the wikidata universe? Desmalopex leucoptera Styloctenium mindorense Epomophorus dobsonii Casinycteris ophiodon Paratriaenops furcula Gardnerycteris crenulata Lophostoma silvicola Cabreramops aequatorianus Mops aloysiisabaudiae Mops ansorgei Mops bemmeleni Mops nigeriae Mops russatus Baeodon gracilis Plecotus christii Neoromicia somalica

GitHubGitHub Release 0.5.11 · globalbioticinteractions/nomer Features add initial support for offline matching against Wikidata Taxon Items [1] by upgrading to a newer version of Nomer's Corpus of Taxonomic Resources [2] #181 fyi @Daniel-Mietchen Example u... (80 kB) https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/nomer/releases/tag/0.5.11

wikidata.orgwikidata.org Chinese rufous horseshoe bat species of mammal 3 replies Also sent to the channel

Nathan Upham (mammaldiversity.org) 22 hours ago Good question @Jorrit Poelen (GloBI) ! Those names are not particularly new in terms of recognition, so I think that many of these are slight differences in name endings (= synonyms )... e.g., Desmalopex leucoptera = Desmalopex leucopterus according to some Styloctenium_mindorense = Styloctenium_mindorensis (recently described; specific epithet is usually spelt 'mindorensis', but the name is an adjective and must match the generic gender, in which case the spelling is 'mindorense') Also sent to the channel

Jorrit Poelen (GloBI) 20 hours ago Thanks for spot checking the bat names, and for bringing that pesky issue of suffices back to the surface https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/nomer/issues/143 . Would be fun to figure out a nice way to deal with this. . . and shows that data integration by name is . . . one way to integrate names. Another would be to integrate by taxonId (e.g., https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1004434 -[:SAME_AS}-> https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20745771 ). Instead of [SAME_AS] what kind of link verb/phrase would you use?

GitHubGitHub facilitate name matching by adding ability to "stem" names to help match gendered names · Issue #143 · globalbioticinteractions/nomer Anecdotal evidence suggests that latin gender dependent suffixes cause apparent mismatched names across taxonomic name authorities / publication. See e.g., notes published at mammaldiversity/mammal... (102 kB) https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/nomer/issues/143

mammaldiversity.orgmammaldiversity.org ASM Mammal Diversity Database (work in progress) Mammal Diversity Database website

wikidata.orgwikidata.org Desmalopex leucopterus species of mammal Also sent to the channel

Nathan Upham (mammaldiversity.org) 14 hours ago You could use [SYNONYM_OF] which is typically how we think of these taxonomic relationships among names -- [JUNION_SYNONYM_OF] would allow you to polarize which name is the "accepted" versus "junior synonym", but that would be relative to the broader taxonomic perspective + may differ from IUCN to GBIF or MDD, etc

[jhpoelen]

@Nathan Upham (mammaldiversity.org) @n8upham thanks for your notes. I finally got around to hacking something together . . . and implemented a synonym generator that kicks in if a name is not matched. The generator is kinda simplistic, but it seems to work ok for now: it looks for a known list of suffixes (e.g., -us, -a, -um) and replaces them with associated suffix variations (e.g., -us -> -a, -um, -or).

Seems to work ok with the MDD -> Wikidata bat names - all the previously mismatched names found their synonymized counterparts -

Ptenochirus jagorii       SYNONYM_OF WD:Q1768947  Ptenochirus jagori
Nyctimene varia           SYNONYM_OF WD:Q3879969  Nyctimene varius
Desmalopex leucoptera     SYNONYM_OF WD:Q20745771 Desmalopex leucopterus
Acerodon macklotii        SYNONYM_OF WD:Q301200   Acerodon mackloti
Paratriaenops furcula     SYNONYM_OF WD:Q1831751  Paratriaenops furculus
Diclidurus isabella       SYNONYM_OF WD:Q302557   Diclidurus isabellus
Diaemus youngii           SYNONYM_OF WD:Q639785   Diaemus youngi
Lophostoma silvicola      SYNONYM_OF WD:Q1833096  Lophostoma silvicolum
Vampyriscus nymphaeus     SYNONYM_OF WD:Q21377485 Vampyriscus nymphaea
Phoniscus aerosus         SYNONYM_OF WD:Q305426   Phoniscus aerosa
Myotis goudotii           SYNONYM_OF WD:Q745546   Myotis goudoti
Rhogeessa aenea           SYNONYM_OF WD:Q618582   Rhogeessa aeneus
Neoromicia somalica       SYNONYM_OF WD:Q290513   Neoromicia somalicus
Nycticeinops schlieffenii SYNONYM_OF WD:Q1830048  Nycticeinops schlieffeni

I'd appreciate if you (and others! @JelleZijlstra @jtmiller28 @arw36 @seltmann @jhammock @katjaschulz @mdoering @dimus) can review the suffix list I put together and make suggestions for more. Or . . . point to another initiative that already figure this stuff out, so we can recycle/reuse it.

https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/nomer/blob/b67e00d381863e67ac1eec3f1df7bec655335560/nomer/src/main/java/org/eol/globi/service/Synonymizer.java#L27-L34 .

[KatjaSchulz]

I usually use gnparser for this kind of thing. It gives you a "stemmed canonical" that you can use for matching. Example: https://parser.globalnames.org/?format=html&names=Ptenochirus+jagorii&with_details=on

They've been doing this for a while and cover a lot of possible cases. They are also good at adding coverage if you notice a gap.

[jhpoelen]

I usually use gnparser for this kind of thing. It gives you a "stemmed canonical" that you can use for matching. Example: https://parser.globalnames.org/?format=html&names=Ptenochirus+jagorii&with_details=on

They've been doing this for a while and cover a lot of possible cases. They are also good at adding coverage if you notice a gap.

@KatjaSchulz Thanks for sharing! It does appears that gnparser's approach is a little more sophisticated compared to the simplistic "see-what-sticks" approach used by Nomer. Just curious - are you using gnparser in a point-and-click kind of workflow, or is it embedded in some automated name alignment workflow that you keep for EoL?

[JelleZijlstra]

review the suffix list I put together and make suggestions for more

I think that's a good list, some suggestions for more:

• -ei vs. -i or -ii (Plecotus christii vs. Plecotus christiei). Not as much recent use but in the past people used Peromyscus boylei for Peromyscus boylii
• -orum vs. -i (Pteropus gilliardi vs. Pteropus gilliardorum)
• -i vs. -ae (Crocidura greenwoodi vs. Crocidura greenwoodae)
• Or even more generally all the patronymic endings, -i, -orum, -ae, -arum, could alternate

[JelleZijlstra]

The relevant part of gnparser appears to be in https://github.com/gnames/gnparser/blob/master/ent/stemmer/stemmer.go.

It implements a stemming algorithm designed for general Latin text, including normalizing case endings and -que suffixes. That is probably overkill for dealing with scientific names, which are always nouns in the nominative case unless they are actually used in a Latin text. There are some (mostly 18th-century) works that fit that description and where we have to worry about normalizing case endings, but I imagine for most nomer use cases case endings won't matter. Conversely, gnparser doesn't implement the -i/-orum normalization I suggested above.

[KatjaSchulz]

Just curious - are you using gnparser in a point-and-click kind of workflow, or is it embedded in some automated name alignment workflow that you keep for EoL?

It's not part of the EOL codebase. I am using it in a semi-automated workflow when trying to rescue unmatched names.

[jhpoelen]

review the suffix list I put together and make suggestions for more

I think that's a good list, some suggestions for more:

• -ei vs. -i or -ii (Plecotus christii vs. Plecotus christiei). Not as much recent use but in the past people used Peromyscus boylei for Peromyscus boylii
• -orum vs. -i (Pteropus gilliardi vs. Pteropus gilliardorum)
• -i vs. -ae (Crocidura greenwoodi vs. Crocidura greenwoodae)
• Or even more generally all the patronymic endings, -i, -orum, -ae, -arum, could alternate

@JelleZijlstra thanks for taking the time to review and offer suggestions for improvements. I've updated Nomer's suffix list and added your examples in the associated test cases.

You can find the updated code at https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/nomer/blob/b3d3e9b5aed77d1d1a15072f8169e51d73c6cbef/nomer/src/main/java/org/eol/globi/service/Synonymizer.java#L27-L37 .

[jhpoelen]

Just curious - are you using gnparser in a point-and-click kind of workflow, or is it embedded in some automated name alignment workflow that you keep for EoL?

It's not part of the EOL codebase. I am using it in a semi-automated workflow when trying to rescue unmatched names.

Thanks for clarifying and for rescuing unmatched names!

[jhpoelen]

The added ii -> ei suggestion by @JelleZijlstra helped synonymize MDD's Plecotus christii with Wikidata's Plecotus christiei .

providedExternalId      https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1005665
providedName            Plecotus christii
relationName            SYNONYM_OF
resolvedExternalId      WD:Q2472925
resolvedName            Plecotus christiei
resolvedAuthorship      
resolvedRank            WD:Q7432
resolvedCommonNames     
resolvedPath            Boreoeutheria | Laurasiatheria | Scrotifera | Apo-Chiroptera | Chiroptera | Microchiroptera | Vespertilionidae | Vespertilioninae | Plecotus | Plecotus christiei
resolvedPathIds         WD:Q132666 | WD:Q27379 | WD:Q7439311 | WD:Q123986694 | WD:Q28425 | WD:Q971343 | WD:Q210358 | WD:Q642437 | WD:Q279869 | WD:Q2472925
resolvedPathNames       WD:Q6054237 | WD:Q5868144 |  | WD:Q713623 | WD:Q36602 | WD:Q5867959 | WD:Q35409 | WD:Q164280 | WD:Q34740 | WD:Q7432
resolvedPathAuthorships |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
resolvedExternalUrl     https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2472925

[jhpoelen]

Remaining bat name non-matches from MDD -> Wikidata include -

Epomophorus dobsonii
Casinycteris ophiodon
Gardnerycteris crenulata
Cabreramops aequatorianus
Mops aloysiisabaudiae
Mops ansorgei
Mops bemmeleni
Mops nigeriae
Mops russatus
Baeodon gracilis

@n8upham @JelleZijlstra please review and let me know if there's any unexpected outcomes.

[KatjaSchulz]

Matching -orum /-i is asking for trouble. I can think of a whole bunch of genera where this would result in invalid matches. Here are just a few examples from insect genera starting with A. I'm sure there are many more across different taxa.

-i	-orum
Agrilus howdeni Knull, 1957	Agrilus howdenorum Hespenheide, 2008
Amblypsilopus stuckenbergi (Vanschuytbroeck, 1957)	Amblypsilopus stuckenbergorum (Irwin, 1974)
Anacroneuria flinti Stark & Sivec, 1998	Anacroneuria flintorum Froehlich, 2002
Andrena pruni Robertson, 1891	Andrena prunorum Cockerell, 1896
Andrena ranunculi Schmiedeknecht, 1883	Andrena ranunculorum Morawitz, 1877
Anthaxia medvedevi Alexeev, 1975	Anthaxia medvedevorum (Alexeev, 1978)
Anthonomus bechynei Voss, 1956	Anthonomus bechyneorum Clark, 1987
Atheta osellai Pace, 2015	Atheta osellaorum Pace, 2008
Atheta smetanai (Lohse, 1990)	Atheta smetanaorum Pace, 1991

[jhpoelen]

@KatjaSchulz thanks for pointing this out! I'll proceed to remove the -orum suffix variations.

[JelleZijlstra]

Epomophorus dobsonii: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q305674 as Epomops dobsoni

Casinycteris ophiodon: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1768584 as Scotonycteris ophiodon

Gardnerycteris crenulata: WikiData has https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106240822, misspelled "crenelatum" (the "e" is definitely wrong, not a gender change)

I haven't checked the rest but I would suspect they exist under different scientific names too. The Mops ones probably in Chaerephon, Baeodon gracilis probably in Rhogeessa, Cabreramops aequatorianus probably in Molossops.

@KatjaSchulz I think any matching like this can lead to some false positives; it is also theoretically possible for two names ending in -a and -us are both valid in a genus. In mammals at least there are real cases where both -i and -orum are used for the same species. The strategy I'd recommend is to first try to do a match on the exact string, then try variations like -us/-a, -i/-orum if the exact match didn't find anything.

[jhpoelen]

@JelleZijlstra @KatjaSchulz thanks for sharing your insights.

The strategy I'd recommend is to first try to do a match on the exact string, then try variations like -us/-a, -i/-orum if the exact match didn't find anything.

This is the strategy that Nomer currently follows - first try an exact match, then rematch again the provided taxonomic resource using the synonymized variations.

About false positives . . . in your opinion would it be better to:

a. take the risk (make a bold statement) and claim synonym b. take the risk and claim junior synonym (or some other relation that weakens the claim) c. include synonymizing as separate feature (e.g., Donald duckii | nomer synonymize -> Donald duckii :has-variant-> Donald ducki) d. stop generating synonymized variations all together e. get ice cream

I'd go for a ask for forgiveness approach (a./b.) as long as the the source (in this case MDD recent version) and target (a versioned copy of wikidata) are known as well as the tool used to connect them (e.g., nomer v0.5.12) .

Curious to hear your thoughts . . .

[jhpoelen]

re:

Epomophorus dobsonii: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q305674 as Epomops dobsoni

Casinycteris ophiodon: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1768584 as Scotonycteris ophiodon

Gardnerycteris crenulata: WikiData has https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106240822, misspelled "crenelatum" (the "e" is definitely wrong, not a gender change)

I wonder whether how @ajacsherman BTA https://jhpoelen.nl/bat-taxonomic-alignment/ would help uncover these taxonomic relations.

[jhpoelen]

Lo and beyond . . . BTA helps connect Epomophorus dobsonii with Epomops dobsoni . Apparently, according to BTA@87c862c1, MSW3 and IUCN used the Epomops name, whereas HMW, MDD, BatNames use the Epomophorus genus.

see

curl  'https://linker.bio/line:hash://sha256/029b12ab3a7d5c2cef01df411ea3ecb4a1fa5c199acca3bee4544a6ee59691c7!/L1,L209'\
 | mlr --icsv --oxtab cat 

Name_MSW3                                                 Epomops dobsonii
Name_HMW                                                  Epomophorus dobsonii
Name_BatNames                                             Epomophorus dobsonii
Name_MDD                                                  Epomophorus dobsonii
Name_IUCN                                                 Epomops dobsonii
Name_BatNames_2023                                        Epomophorus dobsonii
Name_MDD_2023                                             Epomophorus dobsonii

taxonomic_notes_concatenated                              [HMW] Epomophorus dobsonii Bocage, 1889 , Quindumbo, Benguela District , Angola . Epomophorus dobsonii was included in Epomops but noted to have characteristics (e.g. strongly concave interdental palate, palatal ridges, and form of pterygoid wing in skull) that indicated it was closely related to typical Epomophorus , which was confirmed by phylogenetic analyses. Monotypic. [batnames2023] Neotype designated by Bergmans (1989). Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000<i>a</i>). This name has sometimes been spelled <i>dobsoni</i>(e.g., Koopman, 1993) but the original spelling is with a double “i”. [MDD2023nomnames] dobsonii Bocage, 1889 [MDD2023] moved from Epomops to Epomophorus [MSW3] Neotype designated by Bergmans (1989). Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000a). This name has sometimes been spelled dobsoni (e.g., Koopman, 1993) but the original spelling is with a double “i”. [MDD2023nomnames] Neotype designated by Bergmans (1989). Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000<i>a</i>). This name has sometimes been spelled <i>dobsoni</i>(e.g., Koopman, 1993) but the original spelling is with a double “i”. [MDD2023] dobsonii Bocage, 1889 
_2                                                        
no_match_MSW_HMW                                          1
no_match_MSW_batnames                                     1
no_match_MSW_MDD                                          1
no_match_MSW_IUCN                                         0
no_match_MSW_batnames2023                                 1
no_match_HMW_batnames                                     0
no_match_HMW_MDD                                          0
no_match_HMW_IUCN                                         1
no_match_HMW_batnames2023                                 0
no_match_batnames_MDD                                     0
no_match_batnames_IUCN                                    1
no_match_batnames_batnames2023                            0
no_match_MDD_IUCN                                         1
no_match_MDD_batnames2023                                 0
no_match_IUCN_batnames2023                                1
no_match_MDD2023_MSW                                      1
no_match_MDD2023_HMW                                      0
no_match_MDD2023_batnames                                 0
no_match_MDD2023_MDD                                      0
no_match_MDD2023_IUCN                                     1
no_match_MDD2023_batnames2023                             0
_3                                                        
subspecies_MSW_interpreted                                
synonym_MSW_interpreted                                   
subspecies_HMW_interpreted                                
synonym_HMW_interpreted                                   
subspecies_batnames_interpreted                           
synonym_batnames_interpreted                              
synonym_MDD_interpreted                                   dobsonii
subspecies_batnames2023_interpreted                       
synonym_batnames2023_interpreted                          
synonym_MDD2023_interpreted                               dobsonii 
_4                                                        
docId_HMW                                                 03AD87FAFFEEF60089B131CDFEEAF208
docOrigin_HMW                                             Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions
docISBN_HMW                                               978-84-16728-19-0
docName_HMW                                               hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf
docMasterId_HMW                                           hash://md5/ff94ff82ffc4f62a891e341cffa5ff9b
docPageNumber_HMW                                         100
derivedFrom_HMW                                           zip:hash://sha256/ec5fd314a06aba1a7b0b72f23e54ac625ae272bd98f82f1d01f4c09627d9e8e0!/treatments-xml-main/data/03/AD/87/03AD87FAFFEEF60089B131CDFEEAF208.xml
name_HMW                                                  Epomophorus dobsonii
family_HMW                                                Pteropodidae
genus_HMW                                                 Epomophorus
species_HMW                                               dobsonii
authoritySpeciesAuthor_HMW                                Bocage
authoritySpeciesYear                                      1889
commonNames_HMW                                           Epomophore de Dobson @fr | Dobson-Epaulettenflughund @de | Epoméforo de Dobson @es
taxonomy_HMW                                              Epomophorus dobsonii Bocage, 1889 , Quindumbo, Benguela District , Angola . Epomophorus dobsonii was included in Epomops but noted to have characteristics (e.g. strongly concave interdental palate, palatal ridges, and form of pterygoid wing in skull) that indicated it was closely related to typical Epomophorus , which was confirmed by phylogenetic analyses. Monotypic.
subspeciesAndDistribution_HMW                             Patchily distributed in WC Angola , SE DR Congo , NW & E Zambia , and Malawi , also in isolated localities in E & S Zambia , N Botswana , and possibly Namibia . Records from Rwanda and N Tanzania might be dubious.
descriptiveNotes_HMW                                      Head-body 138-185 mm (males) and 130-145 mm (females), tail 0= 12 mm , ear 24-30 mm , hindfoot 24-25 mm , forearm 84-92 mm (males) and 80-88 mm (females); weight 120 g (one male). Males average larger and darker on chest than females. Head is flat; muzzle is long and broad. Eyes are large;irises are chestnut-brown. Ears are dark brown, with anterior and posterior white ear patches. Adult males have white epaulettes, with 18-mm hairs. Dorsum is pale yellowish brown, fawn, or gray-brown, bleached in some individuals; hairs are grayish brown at bases and grayish brown to fawn at tips; and pelage is soft, slightly fluffy, and mid-dorsally c. 13 mm , extending halfway along forearm. Venter is pale cinnamon-brown, with gray, pale brown, or creamy brown tinges; throat and belly are generally palest; and throat is dark gray-brown on adult males and grayish on females. Wings have claw on second digits, and membranes are dark brown, attaching to second toes. Skull with dorsal profile of rostrum is slightly convex; interorbital region is rather flat in lateral view; parietal region is deflected downward; zygomatic arches are sturdy; and post-dental palate strongly concave. There are five thick palatal ridges, of which two are post-dental having two triangular projections and behind them are 3—4 serrated thin ridges; and second ridge is incipiently subdivided, thus resembling typical Epomophorus with six thick ridges.
habitat_HMW                                               Zambezian Woodland biotic zone, mainly in wetter miombo woodland, secondary Acacia (Fabaceae) wooded grassland, and Afromontane vegetation from sea level up to elevations of 1890 m .
foodAndFeeding_HMW                                        Dobson’s Epauletted Fruit Bat is frugivorous and nectarivorous.
breeding_HMW                                              Litter size of Dobson’s Epauletted Fruit Bat is one or two, with twins being frequent. Three females were pregnant or lactating at the end of August in Angola . In Zambia , young were caught in September—November.
activityPatterns_HMW                                      Dobson’s Epauletted Fruit Bats are nocturnal.
movementsHomeRangeAndSocialOrganization_HMW               No information.
statusAndConservation_HMW                                 Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (as Epomops dobsonii ). Dobson’s Epauletted Fruit Bat has a wide distribution and large population. It is probably not declining fast enough to be assigned to a higher category. It faces no major threats.
bibliography_HMW                                          Almeida, FC. et al. (2016) | Bergmans (1989) | Happold, M. (2013h) | Monadjem, Taylor et al. (2010) | Taylor (20164)
distributionImageURL_HMW                                  
verbatimText_HMW                                          69. Dobson’s Epauletted Fruit Bat Epomophorus dobsonii French: Epomophore de Dobson / German: Dobson-Epaulettenflughund / Spanish: Epoméforo de Dobson Taxonomy. Epomophorus dobsonii Bocage, 1889 , Quindumbo, Benguela District , Angola . Epomophorus dobsonii was included in Epomops but noted to have characteristics (e.g. strongly concave interdental palate, palatal ridges, and form of pterygoid wing in skull) that indicated it was closely related to typical Epomophorus , which was confirmed by phylogenetic analyses. Monotypic. Distribution. Patchily distributed in WC Angola , SE DR Congo , NW & E Zambia , and Malawi , also in isolated localities in E & S Zambia , N Botswana , and possibly Namibia . Records from Rwanda and N Tanzania might be dubious. Descriptive notes. Head-body 138-185 mm (males) and 130-145 mm (females), tail 0= 12 mm , ear 24-30 mm , hindfoot 24-25 mm , forearm 84-92 mm (males) and 80-88 mm (females); weight 120 g (one male). Males average larger and darker on chest than females. Head is flat; muzzle is long and broad. Eyes are large;irises are chestnut-brown. Ears are dark brown, with anterior and posterior white ear patches. Adult males have white epaulettes, with 18-mm hairs. Dorsum is pale yellowish brown, fawn, or gray-brown, bleached in some individuals; hairs are grayish brown at bases and grayish brown to fawn at tips; and pelage is soft, slightly fluffy, and mid-dorsally c. 13 mm , extending halfway along forearm. Venter is pale cinnamon-brown, with gray, pale brown, or creamy brown tinges; throat and belly are generally palest; and throat is dark gray-brown on adult males and grayish on females. Wings have claw on second digits, and membranes are dark brown, attaching to second toes. Skull with dorsal profile of rostrum is slightly convex; interorbital region is rather flat in lateral view; parietal region is deflected downward; zygomatic arches are sturdy; and post-dental palate strongly concave. There are five thick palatal ridges, of which two are post-dental having two triangular projections and behind them are 3—4 serrated thin ridges; and second ridge is incipiently subdivided, thus resembling typical Epomophorus with six thick ridges. Habitat. Zambezian Woodland biotic zone, mainly in wetter miombo woodland, secondary Acacia (Fabaceae) wooded grassland, and Afromontane vegetation from sea level up to elevations of 1890 m . Food and Feeding. Dobson’s Epauletted Fruit Bat is frugivorous and nectarivorous. Breeding. Litter size of Dobson’s Epauletted Fruit Bat is one or two, with twins being frequent. Three females were pregnant or lactating at the end of August in Angola . In Zambia , young were caught in September—November. Activity patterns. Dobson’s Epauletted Fruit Bats are nocturnal. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (as Epomops dobsonii ). Dobson’s Epauletted Fruit Bat has a wide distribution and large population. It is probably not declining fast enough to be assigned to a higher category. It faces no major threats. Bibliography. Almeida, FC. et al. (2016), Bergmans (1989), Happold, M. (2013h), Monadjem, Taylor et al. (2010), Taylor (20164).
docOrigin_batnames                                        Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 10/11/2022.
family_batnames                                           Pteropodidae
name_batnames                                             Epomophorus dobsonii
genus_batnames                                            Epomophorus
subgenus_batnames                                         
species_batnames                                          dobsonii
authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames                           Bocage
date_batnames                                             1889
parentheses_batnames (1=author & date in parentheses)     0
citation_batnames                                         J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa
docPageNumber_batnames                                    ser. 2, 1: 1
common Name_batnames                                      Dobson&apos;s Epauletted Fruit Bat
synonyms_batnames                                         None.
type_locality_batnames                                    Angola, Benguela, Quindumbo.
Distribution_batnames                                     Angola to Rwanda, Tanzania, Malawi, and N Botswana.
CITES_batnames                                            Not listed.
IUCN_batnames                                             Least Concern
comments_batnames                                         Neotype designated by Bergmans (1989). Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000<i>a</i>). This name has sometimes been spelled <i>dobsoni</i>(e.g., Koopman, 1993) but the original spelling is with a double “i”.
docOrigin_GBIF                                            GBIF Secretariat (2021). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2022-09-16.
verbatimScientificName_GBIF                               Epomophorus dobsonii
sciname_GBIF                                              Epomophorus dobsonii Bocage, 1889
name_GBIF                                                 Epomophorus dobsonii
matchType_GBIF                                            EXACT
confidence_GBIF                                           99
status_GBIF                                               ACCEPTED
rank_GBIF                                                 SPECIES
kingdom_GBIF                                              Animalia
phylum_GBIF                                               Chordata
class_GBIF                                                Mammalia
order_GBIF                                                Chiroptera
family_GBIF                                               Pteropodidae
genus_GBIF                                                Epomophorus
species_GBIF                                              Epomophorus dobsonii
canonicalName_GBIF                                        Epomophorus dobsonii
authorship_GBIF                                           Bocage, 1889
docOrigin_MDD                                             Mammal Diversity Database. (2022). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.9.1) [Data set]. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4139818
name_MDD                                                  Epomophorus dobsonii
phylosort_MDD                                             23
mainCommonName_MDD                                        Dobson's Epauletted Fruit Bat
otherCommonNames_MDD                                      
subclass_MDD                                              Theria
infraclass_MDD                                            Placentalia
magnorder_MDD                                             Boreoeutheria
superorder_MDD                                            Laurasiatheria
order_MDD                                                 CHIROPTERA
suborder_MDD                                              PTEROPODIFORMES
infraorder_MDD                                            NA
parvorder_MDD                                             NA
superfamily_MDD                                           PTEROPODOIDEA
family_MDD                                                PTEROPODIDAE
subfamily_MDD                                             ROUSETTINAE
tribe_MDD                                                 EPOMOPHORINI
genus_MDD                                                 Epomophorus
subgenus_MDD                                              NA
specificEpithet_MDD                                       dobsonii
authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD                                Bocage
authoritySpeciesYear_MDD                                  1889
authorityParentheses_MDD                                  0
originalNameCombination_MDD                               Epomophorus_dobsonii
authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD                              du Bocage, J. V. B. (1889). Chiroptéres Africains nouveaux, rares ou peu connus. Jornal de sciencias mathematicas, physicas e naturaes, ser. 2, 1, 1.
authoritySpeciesLink_MDD                                  https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23044#page/11/mode/1up
holotypeVoucher_MDD                                       AMNH 88068 [neotype]
holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD                                   
typeLocality_MDD                                          Quindumbo, Benguela District, Angola.
typeLocalityLatitude_MDD                                  
typeLocalityLongitude_MDD                                 
nominalNames_MDD                                          dobsonii Bocage, 1889
taxonomyNotes_MDD                                         moved from Epomops to Epomophorus
taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD                                 Almeida, F. C., Giannini, N. P., & Simmons, N. B. (2016). The evolutionary history of the African fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae). Acta Chiropterologica, 18(1), 73-108.
countryDistribution_MDD                                   Angola|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Zambia|Malawi|Mozambique|Botswana|Namibia?|Rwanda?|Tanzania?
continentDistribution_MDD                                 Africa
biogeographicRealm_MDD                                    Afrotropic
iucnStatus_MDD                                            LC
extinct_MDD                                               0
domestic_MDD                                              0
flagged_MDD                                               0
CMW_sciName_MDD                                           Epomophorus_dobsonii
diffSinceCMW_MDD                                          0
MSW3_matchtype_MDD                                        oldname match
MSW3_sciName_MDD                                          Epomops_dobsonii
diffSinceMSW3_MDD                                         0
docOrigin_IUCN                                            IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on [28 September, 2022].
internalTaxonId_IUCN                                      7908
NAME_IUCN                                                 Epomops dobsonii
kingdomName_IUCN                                          ANIMALIA
phylumName_IUCN                                           CHORDATA
className_IUCN                                            MAMMALIA
orderName_IUCN                                            CHIROPTERA
familyName_IUCN                                           PTEROPODIDAE
genusName_IUCN                                            Epomops
speciesName_IUCN                                          dobsonii
authoritySpeciesAuthorYear_IUCN                           (Bocage, 1899)
taxonomicNotes_IUCN                                       
assessmentId_IUCN                                         20000000
internalTaxonId_IUCN_2                                    7908
scientificName_IUCN                                       Epomops dobsonii
redlistCategory_IUCN                                      Least Concern
redlistCriteria_IUCN                                      
yearPublished_IUCN                                        2016
assessmentDate_IUCN                                       2015-12-29 00:00:00 UTC
criteriaVersion_IUCN                                      3.1
language_IUCN                                             English
rationale_IUCN                                            Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category.
habitat_IUCN                                              This species is generally associated with miombo woodland, dominated by Brachystegia</em>, Julbernardia</em> and Isoberlinia</em> vegetation. It may not roost in groups, although this needs confirmation.
threats_IUCN                                              There appear to be no major threats to this species.
population_IUCN                                           It does not appear to be an especially rare species in Malawi. There is little information on the abundance of the species over the rest of its range, but it is presumed to be reasonably common.
populationTrend_IUCN                                      Stable
range_IUCN                                                This species is distributed in East Africa, Central Africa and southern Africa. It has been recorded from Angola, Namibia, Zambia, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi and Mozambique, being found as far north as Tanzania and possibly Rwanda. It has been recorded at elevations of up to 1,500 m asl (in Malawi) and at 1,890 m asl at Kibwele, Tanzania.
useTrade_IUCN                                             Probably hunted for the bushmeat trade.
systems_IUCN                                              Terrestrial
conservationActions_IUCN                                  It has been recorded from Kasungu National Park in Malawi and from Parc National de l'Upemba in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. There is a need for additional studies into the natural history of this species and into any possible future threats to the species (Mickleburgh et al.</em> 1992).
realm_IUCN                                                Afrotropical
yearLastSeen_IUCN                                         
possiblyExtinct_IUCN                                      FALSE
possiblyExtinctInTheWild_IUCN                             FALSE
scopes_IUCN                                               Global
docOrigin_MSW3                                            Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors). 2005. Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), Johns Hopkins University Press, 2,142 pp. (Available from Johns Hopkins University Press, 1-800-537-5487 or (410) 516-6900, or at http://www.press.jhu.edu).
order_MSW3                                                CHIROPTERA
family_MSW3                                               Pteropodidae
subfamily_MSW3                                            
tribe_MSW3                                                
name_MSW3                                                 Epomops dobsonii
genus_MSW3                                                Epomops
subgenus_MSW3                                             
species_MSW3                                              dobsonii
authoritySpeciesAuthor_MSW3                               Bocage
(parentheses (1=author & date in parentheses)_MSW3        y
authoritySpeciesYear_MSW3                                 1889
actualDate_MSW3                                           
citation_MSW3                                             J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa, ser. 2
volume_MSW3                                               1
issue_MSW3                                                
pages_MSW3                                                1
type_species_MSW3                                         
commonName_MSW3                                           Dobson’s Epauletted Fruit Bat
typeLocality_MSW3                                         Angola, Benguela, Quindumbo.
distribution_MSW3                                         Angola to Rwanda, Tanzania, Malawi, and N Botswana.
status_MSW3                                               IUCN/SSC Action Plan (1992) – Not Threatened. IUCN 2003 – Lower Risk (lc).
synonym_MSW3                                              
comments_MSW3                                             Neotype designated by Bergmans (1989). Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000a). This name has sometimes been spelled dobsoni (e.g., Koopman, 1993) but the original spelling is with a double “i”.
docOrigin_batnames2023                                    Simmons, N.B. and A.L. Cirranello. 2022B. Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database. Accessed on 04/13/2023.
FAMILY_batnames2023                                       Pteropodidae
GENUS_batnames2023                                        Epomophorus
SUBGENUS_batnames2023                                     
SPECIES_batnames2023                                      dobsonii
authoritySpeciesAuthor_batnames2023                       Bocage
authoritySpeciesYearbatnames2023                          1889
PARENTHESES_batnames2023 (1=AUTHOR & DATE IN PARENTHESES) 0
CITATION_batnames2023                                     J. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa
PAGES_batnames2023                                        ser. 2, 1: 1
COMMON NAME_batnames2023                                  Dobson&apos;s Epauletted Fruit Bat
SYNONYMS_batnames2023                                     None.
TYPE LOCALITY_batnames2023                                Angola, Benguela, Quindumbo.
DISTRIBUTION_batnames2023                                 Angola to Rwanda, Tanzania, Malawi, and N Botswana.
CITES_batnames2023                                        Not listed.
IUCN_batnames2023                                         Least Concern
COMMENTS_batnames2023                                     Neotype designated by Bergmans (1989). Distribution mapped by Taylor (2000<i>a</i>). This name has sometimes been spelled <i>dobsoni</i>(e.g., Koopman, 1993) but the original spelling is with a double “i”.
docOrigin_MDD_2                                           Mammal Diversity Database. (2023). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7830771  released 15 April 2023
name MDD2023                                              Epomophorus_dobsonii
id_MDD2023                                                1004519
phylosort_MDD2023                                         23
mainCommonName_MDD2023                                    Dobson's Epauletted Fruit Bat
otherCommonNames_MDD2023                                  
subclass_MDD2023                                          Theria
infraclass_MDD2023                                        Placentalia
magnorder_MDD2023                                         Boreoeutheria
superorder_MDD2023                                        Laurasiatheria
order_MDD2023                                             CHIROPTERA
suborder_MDD2023                                          PTEROPODIFORMES
infraorder_MDD2023                                        NA
parvorder_MDD2023                                         NA
superfamily_MDD2023                                       PTEROPODOIDEA
Family_mdd2023                                            Pteropodidae
subfamily_MDD2023                                         ROUSETTINAE
tribe_MDD2023                                             EPOMOPHORINI
genus_MDD2023                                             Epomophorus
subgenus_MDD2023                                          NA
specificEpithet_MDD2023                                   dobsonii
authoritySpeciesAuthor_MDD2023                            Bocage
authoritySpeciesYear_MDD2023                              1889
authorityParentheses_MDD2023                              0
originalNameCombination_MDD2023                           Epomophorus_dobsonii
authoritySpeciesCitation_MDD2023                          du Bocage, J. V. B. (1889). Chiroptéres Africains nouveaux, rares ou peu connus. Jornal de sciencias mathematicas, physicas e naturaes, ser. 2, 1, 1.
authoritySpeciesLink_MDD2023                              https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23044#page/11/mode/1up
holotypeVoucher_MDD2023                                   AMNH 88068 [neotype]
holotypeVoucherURIs_MDD2023                               
typeLocality_MDD2023                                      Quindumbo, Benguela District, Angola.
typeLocalityLatitude_MDD2023                              
typeLocalityLongitude_MDD2023                             
nominalNames_MDD2023                                      dobsonii Bocage, 1889
taxonomyNotes_MDD2023                                     moved from Epomops to Epomophorus
taxonomyNotesCitation_MDD2023                             Almeida, F. C., Giannini, N. P., & Simmons, N. B. (2016). The evolutionary history of the African fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae). Acta Chiropterologica, 18(1), 73-108.
distributionNotes_MDD2023                                 
distributionNotesCitation_MDD2023                         
subregionDistribution_MDD2023                             
countryDistribution_MDD2023                               Angola|Democratic Republic of the Congo|Zambia|Malawi|Mozambique|Botswana|Namibia?|Rwanda?|Tanzania?
continentDistribution_MDD2023                             Africa
biogeographicRealm_MDD2023                                Afrotropic
iucnStatus_MDD2023                                        LC
extinct_MDD2023                                           0
domestic_MDD2023                                          0
flagged_MDD2023                                           0
CMW_sciName_MDD2023                                       Epomophorus_dobsonii
diffSinceCMW_MDD2023                                      0
MSW3_matchtype_MDD2023                                    oldname match
MSW3_sciName_MDD2023                                      Epomops_dobsonii
diffSinceMSW3_MDD2023                                     0
CONCAT_ALTNAMES                                           Epomops dobsonii; Epomophorus dobsonii; Epomophorus dobsonii; Epomophorus dobsonii; Epomops dobsonii; Epomophorus dobsonii; dobsonii; Epomophore de Dobson; Dobson-Epaulettenflughund; Epoméforo de Dobson; Dobson's Epauletted Fruit Bat; Dobson’s Epauletted Fruit Bat; Dobson&apos;s Epauletted Fruit Bat; E. dobsonii 

[n8upham]

Kicking butt here today @jhpoelen ! Great feedback and input from @JelleZijlstra and @KatjaSchulz already so I've not much to add. I do think the strategy of initially matching to exact names + then looking for stemmed variants among unmatched names will resolve the large majority of cases with minimal false positives. In that context, your "a" solution of making a bold synonym claim is reasonable -- though also worth testing and monitoring. For example, how would it work for those insect examples that @KatjaSchulz mentioned?

[JelleZijlstra]

About false positives . . . in your opinion would it be better to:

I think it depends on the exact use case. If you're building something where the user searches for a name, it's probably better to show more results even if it includes some false positives. If you're trying to put together a high-quality taxonomic list that can serve as a reference for others, false positives are more costly.

[jhpoelen]

Agrilus howdenorum

Thanks for encouragement and chiming in @n8upham . . .

Here's some results related to the first example of @KatjaSchulz -orum list with Nomer's current matching strategy (exact first, then try possible synonyms).

providedName	relationName	resolvedExternalId	resolvedName
Agrilus howdenorum	HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME	WD:Q21235931	Agrilus howdenorum
Agrilus howdeni	HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME	WD:Q14922143	Agrilus howdeni
Agrilus howdenii	SYNONYM_OF	WD:Q14922143	Agrilus howdeni

@KatjaSchulz Is this result as expected? Also, can you provide other examples where the -orum / -i suffix variation matching would be possibly problematic?

[KatjaSchulz]

The Agrilus example looks good. I am attaching a file with additional examples for problematic -orum / -i matches. It includes both accepted names and synonyms where the accepted name is not the -orum / -i equivalent. This sample is based on a recent version of the Catalogue of Life. problematicMatches.txt

[JelleZijlstra]

Thanks, that is a very useful list! It contains at least one instance in mammals where there are two distinct species with this variation: Rhinolophus hilli and Rhinolophus hillorum, both African bats.

[jhpoelen]

@KatjaSchulz thanks for sharing the list. Which version of Catalogue of Life did you use?

With synonym guessing against Wikidata, the list produces -

curl -L https://github.com/user-attachments/files/16019416/problematicMatches.txt\
 | sed 's/^/\t/g'\
 | cut -f1,2\
 | nomer append wikidata\
 | cut -f3\
 | sort\
 | uniq -c\
 | sort -nr

produces:

    398 HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME
     60 SYNONYM_OF
     55 NONE

without the inference enabled, via:

curl -L https://github.com/user-attachments/files/16019416/problematicMatches.txt\
 | sed 's/^/\t/g'\
 | cut -f1,2\
 | nomer append --properties <(echo nomer.guess.synonyms=false) wikidata\
 | cut -f3\
 | sort\
 | uniq -c\
 | sort -nr

the result

    398 HAS_ACCEPTED_NAME
    115 NONE

In other words, because wikidata doesn't have the names that Catalogue of Life has, Nomer tries to be smart and cooks up 60 (incorrect) synonyms.

As far as I can tell, this supports @KatjaSchulz 's claim that using the -orum/-i suffix swaps is asking for trouble. . . but . . . if this is only 60 out of millions, the false positive rate may be negligible.

Thoughts?

[jhpoelen]

Note that I've removed the "asking for trouble" inference for now.

Thanks again for pointing out this issue @KatjaSchulz !

[KatjaSchulz]

Which version of Catalogue of Life did you use?

2024-05-20

[jhpoelen]

Which version of Catalogue of Life did you use?

2024-05-20

@KatjaSchulz thanks for responding.

Perhaps being silly, but I am trying to get better at citing data sources. So please bear with me . . .

2024-05-20 is a date. What kind of Catalogue of Life product are you using? How did you access it? How can I access the exact same product that you are using?

[KatjaSchulz]

I downloaded it a while ago, but I don't see it in the monthly archives, so It's probably the most recent version that's accessible through the Darwin Core Archive link on their download page. I'm attaching the eml file that came with it. eml.txt

I had to rename it, because github doesn't accept xml files. Pft!

[jhpoelen]

Do you still have the original archive you downloaded? If so, can you calculate their sha256sum ? This way, I may be able to retrieve the file and their origin in some versioned archives.

[KatjaSchulz]

Sorry no, I have the files but not the archive.

[jhpoelen]

Sorry no, I have the files but not the archive.

Ok, no worries. Can you calculate the sha256 of the individual files?

[jhpoelen]

Trying to trace down your copy of Catalogue of Life -

https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/296511/about claims to have a 2024-05-20 version of the Catalogue of Life with metadata

Alias: COL24.5 Version / Issued: 2024-05-20 / 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.48580/dg6lk

The DOI points to an html landing page at https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/metadata (see screenshot below).

which includes the text:

Issued: Annual Checklist 2024 DOI: 10.48580/dg9ld ChecklistBank: 299029

pointing to https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/299029/about, which is the June 2024 edition of the Catalogue of Life with https://doi.org/10.48580/dg9ld .

So, it appears that the DOI for the May 2024 edition points to the June 2024 edition, causing a bit of an issue for me in locating the copy you may have accessed.

@KatjaSchulz can you confirm?

[KatjaSchulz]

Yes, that looks right.

[jhpoelen]

Yes, that looks right.

Thanks for confirming that the 2024-05 Catalogue of Life DOI on checklist bank points to an html landing page that then points to the 2024-06 Catalogue of Life DOI.

I am analyzing a versioned snapshot of checklist bank made over period 2024-06-04T18:45:20.778Z/2024-06-05T09:16:55.168Z to see whether I can recover a copy (and its provenance) of this illusive 2024-05 copy of Catalogue of Life.

I wish checklist bank supports content ids for the data products they keep and index. . . this way, there's a clear connection between an index entry and the data that they connect to it. DOIs aren't making that connection apparently.

[jhpoelen]

I recovered the following versioned dataset record from the checklist bank records from period 2024-06-04/2024-06-05. Yay! Next step is to try and trace data products associated to it.

preston cat\
 --remote https://linker.bio hash://sha256/763edde4043c32ff53b9d8fc945a67b6409adccc0757a3bff1e52cccd4802476\
 | grep api.checklistbank.org\
 | grep "dataset?"\
 | grep "limit"\
 | grep hasVersion\
 | preston cat --remote https://linker.bio\
 | jq -c ".result[]"\
 | grep "COL24.5"\
 | jq .

{
  "created": "2024-05-20T16:32:27.87407",
  "createdBy": 102,
  "modified": "2024-05-30T07:45:50.109551",
  "modifiedBy": 101,
  "key": 296511,
  "sourceKey": 3,
  "type": "taxonomic",
  "origin": "release",
  "attempt": 243,
  "imported": "2024-05-20T17:59:02.715246",
  "size": 5184205,
  "doi": "10.48580/dg6lk",
  "title": "Catalogue of Life Checklist",
  "alias": "COL24.5",
  "description": "The Catalogue of Life is an assembly of expert-based global species checklists with the aim to build a comprehensive catalogue of all known species of organisms on Earth. Continuous progress is made towards completion, but for now, it probably includes just over 80% of the world's known species. The Catalogue of Life estimates 2.3M extant species on the planet recognised by taxonomists at present time. This means that for many groups it continues to be deficient, and users may notice that many species are still missing from the Catalogue.\n\n### What's new in May 2024 edition?\n\n#### 96 checklists updated:\n\n* 3i Auchenorrhyncha\n* Alucitoidea (Lepidoptera)\n* Bryonames\n* CunaxidBase is separated from BdelloideaBase in this release\n* Entiminae\n* Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera)\n* Geometridae (Lepidoptera)\n* GLI (Lepidoptera) \n* Global Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera)\n* Hepialidae (Lepidoptera)\n* ITIS \n* Pterophoroidea (Lepidoptera)\n* Scarabs\n* SF Aphid\n* SF Chrysididae\n* SF Coreoidea\n* SF Dermaptera\n* SF Embioptera\n* SF Isoptera\n* SF Lygaeoidea\n* SF Mantodea\n* SF Orthoptera\n* SF Phasmida\n* SF Plecoptera\n* SF Psocodea\n* Species Fungorum Plus\n* The Scorpion Files\n* TITAN\n* UCD\n* WCO (Opiliones)\n* WOL (Odonata)\n* WoRMS, 65 checklists",
  "issued": "2024-05-20",
  "version": "2024-05-20",
  "issn": "2405-8858",
  "contact": {
    "city": "Amsterdam",
    "country": "NL",
    "email": "support@catalogueoflife.org",
    "name": "COL Secretariat",
    "address": "Amsterdam, Netherlands",
    "organisation": "COL Secretariat"
  },
  "creator": [
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6197-9951",
      "given": "Olaf",
      "family": "Bánki",
      "city": "Amsterdam",
      "country": "NL",
      "note": "COL Executive Secretary",
      "name": "Bánki O.",
      "address": "Amsterdam, Netherlands",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6197-9951",
      "organisation": "Catalogue of Life / Species 2000"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2137-2690",
      "given": "Yury",
      "family": "Roskov",
      "city": "Champaign",
      "state": "IL",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "COL Executive Editor",
      "name": "Roskov Y.",
      "address": "Champaign, IL, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2137-2690",
      "organisation": "Illinois Natural History Survey"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7757-1889",
      "given": "Markus",
      "family": "Döring",
      "rorid": "05fjyn938",
      "city": "Berlin",
      "country": "DE",
      "note": "COL Lead Developer",
      "name": "Döring M.",
      "address": "Berlin, Germany",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7757-1889",
      "organisation": "GBIF"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9770-2345",
      "given": "Geoff",
      "family": "Ower",
      "city": "Champaign",
      "state": "IL",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "COL Data Manager",
      "name": "Ower G.",
      "address": "Champaign, IL, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9770-2345",
      "organisation": "Illinois Natural History Survey"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3951-4856",
      "given": "Diana Raquel",
      "family": "Hernández Robles",
      "city": "Mexico City",
      "country": "MX",
      "note": "Global Species Catalogue Editor",
      "name": "Hernández Robles D. R.",
      "address": "Mexico City, Mexico",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3951-4856",
      "organisation": "Catalogue of Life / Species 2000"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1632-9818",
      "given": "Camila Andrea",
      "family": "Plata Corredor",
      "city": "Bogotá",
      "country": "CO",
      "note": "Global Species Catalogue Editor",
      "name": "Plata Corredor C. A.",
      "address": "Bogotá, Colombia",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1632-9818",
      "organisation": "Catalogue of Life / Species 2000"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1691-239X",
      "given": "Thomas",
      "family": "Stjernegaard Jeppesen",
      "rorid": "05fjyn938",
      "city": "Copenhagen",
      "country": "DK",
      "note": "COL UI Developer",
      "name": "Stjernegaard Jeppesen T.",
      "address": "Copenhagen, Denmark",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1691-239X",
      "organisation": "GBIF"
    },
    {
      "given": "Ari",
      "family": "Örn",
      "country": "FI",
      "note": "ColDP Quality Assurance checks",
      "name": "Örn A.",
      "address": "Finland",
      "organisation": "Volunteer for Species 2000"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8160-7941",
      "given": "Leen",
      "family": "Vandepitte",
      "city": "Oostende",
      "country": "BE",
      "note": "Global Team Chair",
      "name": "Vandepitte L.",
      "address": "Oostende, Belgium",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8160-7941",
      "organisation": "Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee (VLIZ)"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6492-4016",
      "given": "Donald",
      "family": "Hobern",
      "city": "Canberra",
      "country": "AU",
      "note": "Taxonomy Group Chair; Pterophoroidea; Pterophoroidea; Alucitoidea; Alucitoidea; Gelechiidae; Gelechiidae; GLI; GLI; Hepialidae",
      "name": "Hobern D.",
      "address": "Canberra, Australia",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6492-4016",
      "organisation": "Species 2000 Australia"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4536-7650",
      "given": "Peter",
      "family": "Schalk",
      "city": "Amsterdam",
      "country": "NL",
      "note": "Board of Directors Chair",
      "name": "Schalk P.",
      "address": "Amsterdam, Netherlands",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4536-7650",
      "organisation": "Catalogue of Life / Species 2000"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9985-9250",
      "given": "R. Edward",
      "family": "DeWalt",
      "city": "Champaign",
      "state": "IL",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "Board of Directors; Author; SF Plecoptera",
      "name": "DeWalt R. E.",
      "address": "Champaign, IL, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9985-9250",
      "organisation": "Illinois Natural History Survey"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9112-5340",
      "given": "Keping",
      "family": "Ma",
      "city": "Beijing",
      "country": "CN",
      "note": "Board of Directors",
      "name": "Ma K.",
      "address": "Beijing, China",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9112-5340",
      "organisation": "Chinese Academy of Sciences"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5788-9010",
      "given": "Joe",
      "family": "Miller",
      "city": "Copenhagen",
      "country": "DK",
      "note": "COL+ Partnership",
      "name": "Miller J.",
      "address": "Copenhagen, Denmark",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5788-9010",
      "organisation": "GBIF"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1038-3028",
      "given": "Thomas",
      "family": "Orrell",
      "city": "Washington, D.C.",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "COL Partnership; ITIS",
      "name": "Orrell T.",
      "address": "Washington, D.C., United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1038-3028",
      "organisation": "Smithsonian Institution"
    },
    {
      "given": "Rolf",
      "family": "Aalbu",
      "city": "San Francisco",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "Sepidiini tribe",
      "name": "Aalbu R.",
      "address": "San Francisco, United States of America",
      "organisation": "California Academy of Sciences"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6773-3976",
      "given": "John",
      "family": "Abbott",
      "department": "UA Museums",
      "city": "Tuscaloosa",
      "state": "Alabama",
      "country": "US",
      "email": "jabbott1@ua.edu",
      "url": "https://museums.ua.edu/people/john-abbott/",
      "note": "WOL",
      "name": "Abbott J.",
      "address": "Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6773-3976",
      "organisation": "The University of Alabama"
    },
    {
      "given": "Robert",
      "family": "Adlard",
      "email": "robert.adlard@qm.qld.gov.au",
      "note": "WoRMS Myxozoa",
      "name": "Adlard R."
    },
    {
      "given": "Carlos",
      "family": "Aedo",
      "city": "Madrid",
      "country": "ES",
      "note": "RJB Geranium",
      "name": "Aedo C.",
      "address": "Madrid, Spain",
      "organisation": "Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, CSIC"
    },
    {
      "given": "E.",
      "family": "Aescht",
      "note": "CilCat",
      "name": "Aescht E."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0009-0006-7572-6473",
      "given": "Sara",
      "family": "Alexander",
      "email": "alexandersar@si.edu",
      "note": "ITIS",
      "name": "Alexander S.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7572-6473"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6991-0980",
      "given": "Miguel A.",
      "family": "Alonso-Zarazaga",
      "city": "Madrid",
      "country": "ES",
      "email": "mcnaz39@mncn.csic.es",
      "note": "WTaxa",
      "name": "Alonso-Zarazaga M. A.",
      "address": "Madrid, Spain",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6991-0980",
      "organisation": "Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales"
    },
    {
      "given": "Belinda",
      "family": "Alvarez",
      "email": "Belinda.glasby@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Porifera",
      "name": "Alvarez B."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6369-6269",
      "given": "Giovani Carlos",
      "family": "Andrella",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Andrella G. C.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6369-6269"
    },
    {
      "given": "Lucas Silveira",
      "family": "Antonietto",
      "email": "antoniettols@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Ostracoda",
      "name": "Antonietto L. S."
    },
    {
      "given": "Claudia",
      "family": "Arango",
      "email": "claudia.arango@qm.qld.gov.au",
      "note": "WoRMS Pycnogonida",
      "name": "Arango C."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2491-7273",
      "given": "Tom",
      "family": "Artois",
      "email": "tom.artois@uhasselt.be",
      "note": "WoRMS Turbellarians",
      "name": "Artois T.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2491-7273"
    },
    {
      "given": "Margoth",
      "family": "Atahuachi Burgos",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Atahuachi Burgos M."
    },
    {
      "given": "Stephen",
      "family": "Atkinson",
      "email": "atkinsos@science.oregonstate.edu",
      "note": "WoRMS Myxozoa",
      "name": "Atkinson S."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8646-6711",
      "given": "John J.",
      "family": "Atwood",
      "rorid": "04tzy5g14",
      "city": "St. Louis",
      "state": "MO",
      "country": "US",
      "email": "john.atwood@mobot.org",
      "note": "Bryonames",
      "name": "Atwood J. J.",
      "address": "St. Louis, MO, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8646-6711",
      "organisation": "Missouri Botanical Garden"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5911-8797",
      "given": "Ângela Lúcia",
      "family": "Bagnatori Sartori",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Bagnatori Sartori Â. L.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5911-8797"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4994-0653",
      "given": "Nicolas",
      "family": "Bailly",
      "department": "Beaty Biodiversity Museum",
      "city": "Vancouver",
      "country": "CA",
      "note": "Taxonomy Group",
      "name": "Bailly N.",
      "address": "Vancouver, Canada",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4994-0653",
      "organisation": "University of British Columbia"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6092-0496",
      "given": "Joaquín",
      "family": "Baixeras",
      "rorid": "043nxc105",
      "department": "Department of Zoology",
      "city": "Paterna",
      "state": "València",
      "email": "joaquin.baixeras@uv.es",
      "note": "Tortricid.net",
      "name": "Baixeras J.",
      "address": "Paterna, València",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6092-0496",
      "organisation": "Universitat de València"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5887-9543",
      "given": "Edward",
      "family": "Baker",
      "rorid": "039zvsn29",
      "city": "London",
      "country": "GB",
      "note": "SF Phasmida; SF Chrysididae",
      "name": "Baker E.",
      "address": "London, United Kingdom",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5887-9543",
      "organisation": "The Natural History Museum"
    },
    {
      "given": "Anoop",
      "family": "Balan",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Balan A."
    },
    {
      "given": "Roger",
      "family": "Bamber",
      "note": "WoRMS Pycnogonida",
      "name": "Bamber R."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0260-6594",
      "given": "Subir",
      "family": "Bandyopadhyay",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Bandyopadhyay S.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0260-6594"
    },
    {
      "given": "H.",
      "family": "Barber-James",
      "note": "FADA Ephemeroptera",
      "name": "Barber-James H."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9802-8516",
      "given": "Rafael",
      "family": "Barbosa Pinto",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Barbosa Pinto R.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9802-8516"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0360-8321",
      "given": "Russell",
      "family": "Barrett",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Barrett R.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0360-8321"
    },
    {
      "given": "L.",
      "family": "Bartolozzi",
      "note": "Brentids",
      "name": "Bartolozzi L."
    },
    {
      "given": "I.",
      "family": "Bartsch",
      "note": "FADA Halacaridae",
      "name": "Bartsch I."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0323-8535",
      "given": "George",
      "family": "Beccaloni",
      "rorid": "039zvsn29",
      "city": "London",
      "country": "GB",
      "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/",
      "note": "GLI",
      "name": "Beccaloni G.",
      "address": "London, United Kingdom",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0323-8535",
      "organisation": "Natural History Museum"
    },
    {
      "given": "C.L.",
      "family": "Bellamy",
      "note": "Jewel Beetles",
      "name": "Bellamy C.L."
    },
    {
      "given": "Denise",
      "family": "Bellan-Santini",
      "email": "denise.bellan@univ-amu.fr",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Bellan-Santini D."
    },
    {
      "given": "P.F.",
      "family": "Bellinger",
      "note": "Collembola.org",
      "name": "Bellinger P.F."
    },
    {
      "given": "Yair",
      "family": "Ben-Dov",
      "city": "Bet Dagan",
      "country": "IL",
      "note": "ScaleNet",
      "name": "Ben-Dov Y.",
      "address": "Bet Dagan, Israel",
      "organisation": "Agricultural Research Organization"
    },
    {
      "given": "Isabel",
      "family": "Blasco-Costa",
      "email": "isabel.blasco-costa@ville-ge.ch",
      "note": "WoRMS Trematoda",
      "name": "Blasco-Costa I."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1250-4874",
      "given": "James S.",
      "family": "Boatwright",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Boatwright J. S.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1250-4874"
    },
    {
      "given": "Phil",
      "family": "Bock",
      "email": "philbock1@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Bryozoa",
      "name": "Bock P."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9269-7316",
      "given": "Leonardo M.",
      "family": "Borges",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Borges L. M.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9269-7316"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8382-9508",
      "given": "Robert L.",
      "family": "Bossard",
      "city": "Salt Lake City",
      "state": "Utah",
      "country": "US",
      "email": "bossardtech@gmail.com",
      "note": "LWS fleas",
      "name": "Bossard R. L.",
      "address": "Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8382-9508",
      "organisation": "Bossard Consulting"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6555-7913",
      "given": "Cornelio",
      "family": "Bota-Sierra",
      "department": "Grupo de Entomología ",
      "city": "Medellin",
      "country": "CO",
      "email": "corneliobota@gmail.com",
      "note": "WOL",
      "name": "Bota-Sierra C.",
      "address": "Medellin, Colombia",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6555-7913",
      "organisation": "Universidad de Antioquia"
    },
    {
      "given": "Patrice",
      "family": "Bouchard",
      "city": "Ottawa",
      "country": "CA",
      "note": "Sepidiini tribe",
      "name": "Bouchard P.",
      "address": "Ottawa, Canada",
      "organisation": "Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9277-2478",
      "given": "T.",
      "family": "Bourgoin",
      "city": "Paris",
      "country": "FR",
      "note": "FLOW; Board of Directors",
      "name": "Bourgoin T.",
      "address": "Paris, France",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9277-2478",
      "organisation": "Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle"
    },
    {
      "given": "Nicole",
      "family": "Boury-Esnault",
      "email": "info@marinespecies.org",
      "note": "WoRMS Porifera",
      "name": "Boury-Esnault N."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8170-7734",
      "given": "Geoff",
      "family": "Boxshall",
      "email": "g.boxshall@nhm.ac.uk",
      "note": "WoRMS Bochusacea; WoRMS Brachypoda; WoRMS Mystacocarida; WoRMS Tantulocarida; WoRMS Merostomata; WoRMS Copepoda",
      "name": "Boxshall G.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8170-7734"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2205-1488",
      "given": "Christopher",
      "family": "Boyko",
      "email": "cboyko@amnh.org",
      "note": "WoRMS Isopoda",
      "name": "Boyko C.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2205-1488"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3487-6129",
      "given": "Simone",
      "family": "Brandão",
      "email": "brandao.sn.100@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Ostracoda",
      "name": "Brandão S.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3487-6129"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1069-8794",
      "given": "Holger",
      "family": "Braun",
      "rorid": "01tjs6929",
      "department": "División Entomología",
      "city": "La Plata",
      "country": "AR",
      "note": "SF Orthoptera",
      "name": "Braun H.",
      "address": "La Plata, Argentina",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1069-8794",
      "organisation": "Museo de La Plata, CEPAVE - CONICET"
    },
    {
      "given": "Rod",
      "family": "Bray",
      "email": "r.bray@nhm.ac.uk",
      "note": "WoRMS Cestoda; WoRMS Trematoda",
      "name": "Bray R."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7599-2847",
      "given": "Gunnar",
      "family": "Brehm",
      "rorid": "05qpz1x62",
      "department": "Phyletisches Museum",
      "city": "Jena",
      "country": "DE",
      "url": "https://www.uni-jena.de/en",
      "note": "Geometridae",
      "name": "Brehm G.",
      "address": "Jena, Germany",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7599-2847",
      "organisation": "Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9083-1235",
      "given": "John C.",
      "family": "Brinda",
      "rorid": "04tzy5g14",
      "city": "St. Louis",
      "state": "MO",
      "country": "US",
      "email": "john.brinda@mobot.org",
      "note": "Bryonames",
      "name": "Brinda J. C.",
      "address": "St. Louis, MO, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9083-1235",
      "organisation": "Missouri Botanical Garden"
    },
    {
      "given": "Paul D",
      "family": "Brock",
      "city": "London",
      "country": "GB",
      "note": "SF Phasmida; SF Phasmida",
      "name": "Brock P. D",
      "address": "London, United Kingdom",
      "organisation": "The Natural History Museum"
    },
    {
      "given": "Steven L.",
      "family": "Broich",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Broich S. L."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5610-9855",
      "given": "John",
      "family": "Brown",
      "rorid": "00cz47042",
      "department": "Department of Entomology",
      "city": "Washington",
      "state": "DC",
      "country": "US",
      "email": "tortricidae.jwb@gmail.com",
      "note": "Tortricid.net",
      "name": "Brown J.",
      "address": "Washington, DC, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9855",
      "organisation": "National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7112-421X",
      "given": "Samuel",
      "family": "Brown",
      "rorid": "048r72142",
      "city": "Auckland",
      "country": "NZ",
      "email": "samuel.brown@plantandfood.co.nz",
      "note": "Entiminae",
      "name": "Brown S.",
      "address": "Auckland, New Zealand",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7112-421X",
      "organisation": "The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited"
    },
    {
      "given": "Niel",
      "family": "Bruce",
      "email": "niel.bruce@qm.qld.gov.au",
      "note": "WoRMS Isopoda",
      "name": "Bruce N."
    },
    {
      "given": "Savatore",
      "family": "Brullo",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Brullo S."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5547-0796",
      "given": "Anne",
      "family": "Bruneau",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Bruneau A.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5547-0796"
    },
    {
      "given": "Louise",
      "family": "Bush",
      "note": "WoRMS Turbellarians",
      "name": "Bush L."
    },
    {
      "given": "Thies",
      "family": "Büscher",
      "city": "Kiel",
      "country": "DE",
      "note": "SF Phasmida",
      "name": "Büscher T.",
      "address": "Kiel, Germany",
      "organisation": "Christian-Albrechts-Universität"
    },
    {
      "given": "Magdalena",
      "family": "Błażewicz-Paszkowycz",
      "email": "magdab@biol.uni.lodz.pl",
      "note": "WoRMS Tanaidacea",
      "name": "Błażewicz-Paszkowycz M."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0980-1651",
      "given": "Analyn",
      "family": "Cabras",
      "rorid": "03fqqe674",
      "department": "Terrestrial Invertebrate Research Laboratory, URESCOM",
      "city": "City of Mati",
      "country": "PH",
      "note": "Entiminae",
      "name": "Cabras A.",
      "address": "City of Mati, Philippines",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0980-1651",
      "organisation": "Davao Oriental State University"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7209-9271",
      "given": "Stephen",
      "family": "Cairns",
      "email": "cairnss@si.edu",
      "note": "WoRMS Scleractinia",
      "name": "Cairns S.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7209-9271"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9650-3136",
      "given": "Michael",
      "family": "Calonje",
      "city": "Miami",
      "country": "US",
      "email": "michaelc@montgomerybotanical.org",
      "note": "The World List of Cycads",
      "name": "Calonje M.",
      "address": "Miami, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9650-3136",
      "organisation": "Montgomery Botanical Center"
    },
    {
      "given": "Warren",
      "family": "Cardinal-McTeague",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Cardinal-McTeague W."
    },
    {
      "given": "Domingos",
      "family": "Cardoso",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Cardoso D."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9289-2733",
      "given": "Lilian",
      "family": "Cardoso",
      "department": "Departamento de Zoologia",
      "city": "Rio de Janeiro",
      "country": "BR",
      "email": "lilian.cardoso@mn.ufrj.br",
      "note": "WCO",
      "name": "Cardoso L.",
      "address": "Rio de Janeiro, Brazil",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9289-2733",
      "organisation": "Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro"
    },
    {
      "given": "R.C.",
      "family": "Castilho",
      "note": "Mites GSD Phytoseiidae; Mites GSD Tenuipalpidae",
      "name": "Castilho R.C."
    },
    {
      "given": "Isabella C.",
      "family": "Castro Silva",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Castro Silva I. C."
    },
    {
      "given": "Angélica",
      "family": "Cervantes",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Cervantes A."
    },
    {
      "given": "Herve",
      "family": "Chevillotte",
      "city": "Paris",
      "country": "FR",
      "email": "herve.chevillotte@ird.fr",
      "note": "TITAN",
      "name": "Chevillotte H.",
      "address": "Paris, France",
      "organisation": "Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1609-8343",
      "given": "Le Min",
      "family": "Choo",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Choo L. M.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1609-8343"
    },
    {
      "given": "K.A.",
      "family": "Christiansen",
      "note": "Collembola.org",
      "name": "Christiansen K.A."
    },
    {
      "given": "F.",
      "family": "Cianferoni",
      "note": "Brentids",
      "name": "Cianferoni F."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8840-2121",
      "given": "María Marta",
      "family": "Cigliano",
      "rorid": "01tjs6929",
      "department": "División Entomología",
      "city": "La Plata",
      "country": "AR",
      "note": "SF Orthoptera; Global Team, Taxonomy Group",
      "name": "Cigliano M. M.",
      "address": "La Plata, Argentina",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8840-2121",
      "organisation": "Museo de La Plata, CEPAVE - CONICET"
    },
    {
      "given": "Ruth",
      "family": "Clarke",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Clarke R."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5431-8194",
      "given": "Thiago",
      "family": "Cobra e Monteiro",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Cobra e Monteiro T.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5431-8194"
    },
    {
      "given": "Allen",
      "family": "Collins",
      "email": "collinsa@si.edu",
      "note": "WoRMS Cubozoa; WoRMS Staurozoa; WoRMS Scyphozoa",
      "name": "Collins A."
    },
    {
      "given": "James",
      "family": "Compton",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Compton J."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6374-2365",
      "given": "Denis",
      "family": "Copilaș-Ciocianu",
      "email": "copilas.denis@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Copilaș-Ciocianu D.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6374-2365"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3323-6162",
      "given": "Laure",
      "family": "Corbari",
      "email": "laure.corbari@mnhn.fr",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Corbari L.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3323-6162"
    },
    {
      "given": "Ralf",
      "family": "Cordeiro",
      "email": "ralfts@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Octocorallia",
      "name": "Cordeiro R."
    },
    {
      "family": "CoreoideaSF Team",
      "city": "London",
      "country": "GB",
      "note": "SF Coreoidea",
      "name": "CoreoideaSF Team",
      "address": "London, United Kingdom",
      "organisation": "The Natural History Museum"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1150-9940",
      "given": "Kevin",
      "family": "Cortés-Hernández",
      "rorid": "03efmqc40",
      "department": "Biodiversity Knowledge Integration Center",
      "city": "Tempe",
      "state": "Arizona",
      "country": "US",
      "email": "kcortesh@asu.edu",
      "url": "www.researchgate.net/profile/Kevin-Cortes-Hernandez",
      "note": "Entiminae",
      "name": "Cortés-Hernández K.",
      "address": "Tempe, Arizona, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1150-9940",
      "organisation": "Arizona State University"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2362-0328",
      "given": "Mark",
      "family": "Costello",
      "city": "Auckland",
      "country": "NZ",
      "email": "mark.j.costello@nord.no",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda; Taxonomy Group",
      "name": "Costello M.",
      "address": "Auckland, New Zealand",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2362-0328",
      "organisation": "University of Auckland"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5516-1018",
      "given": "Simon",
      "family": "Crameri",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Crameri S.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-1018"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6128-0195",
      "given": "Jesus A.",
      "family": "Cruz-López",
      "city": "Villa de Etla",
      "state": "Oaxaca",
      "country": "MX",
      "email": "thelyphonidito@gmail.com",
      "note": "WCO",
      "name": "Cruz-López J. A.",
      "address": "Villa de Etla, Oaxaca, Mexico",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6128-0195",
      "organisation": "Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP)"
    },
    {
      "given": "Paco",
      "family": "Cárdenas",
      "email": "paco.cardenas@fkog.uu.se",
      "note": "WoRMS Porifera",
      "name": "Cárdenas P."
    },
    {
      "given": "Meg",
      "family": "Daly",
      "email": "daly.66@osu.edu",
      "note": "WoRMS Actiniaria; WoRMS Corallimorpharia",
      "name": "Daly M."
    },
    {
      "given": "Mikhail",
      "family": "Daneliya",
      "email": "info@marinespecies.org",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Daneliya M."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8361-5382",
      "given": "Jean-Claude",
      "family": "Dauvin",
      "email": "jean-claude.dauvin@unicaen.fr",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Dauvin J.-C.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8361-5382"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7729-396X",
      "given": "Peter",
      "family": "Davie",
      "email": "Peter.Davie@qm.qld.gov.au",
      "note": "WoRMS Brachyura",
      "name": "Davie P.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7729-396X"
    },
    {
      "given": "Claude",
      "family": "De Broyer",
      "email": "cdebroyer@naturalsciences.be",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "De Broyer C."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2437-2445",
      "given": "Sammy",
      "family": "De Grave",
      "email": "sammy.degrave@oum.ox.ac.uk",
      "note": "WoRMS Euphausiacea",
      "name": "De Grave S.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2437-2445"
    },
    {
      "given": "Haroldo C.",
      "family": "De Lima",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "De Lima H. C."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7637-5755",
      "given": "Jurate",
      "family": "De Prins",
      "country": "BE",
      "email": "jurate.deprins@gmail.com",
      "note": "Global Gracillariidae; Global Gracillariidae",
      "name": "De Prins J.",
      "address": "Belgium",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7637-5755",
      "organisation": "Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4430-1425",
      "given": "Willy",
      "family": "De Prins",
      "country": "BE",
      "email": "willy.deprins@gmail.com",
      "note": "Global Gracillariidae; Global Gracillariidae",
      "name": "De Prins W.",
      "address": "Belgium",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-1425",
      "organisation": "Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4484-3566",
      "given": "Manuel",
      "family": "De la Estrella",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "De la Estrella M.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4484-3566"
    },
    {
      "given": "Rob",
      "family": "DeSalle",
      "email": "desalle@amnh.org",
      "note": "WoRMS Placozoa",
      "name": "DeSalle R."
    },
    {
      "given": "Peter",
      "family": "Decker",
      "email": "info@marinespecies.org",
      "note": "WoRMS Myriapoda",
      "name": "Decker P."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2168-9471",
      "given": "Wim",
      "family": "Decock",
      "city": "Oostende",
      "country": "BE",
      "note": "WoRMS liaison",
      "name": "Decock W.",
      "address": "Oostende, Belgium",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2168-9471",
      "organisation": "Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee (VLIZ)"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9322-9968",
      "given": "Alfonso",
      "family": "Delgado-Salinas",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Delgado-Salinas A.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9322-9968"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3867-8872",
      "given": "Cyrille",
      "family": "Deliry",
      "country": "FR",
      "email": "cyrille.deliry@orange.fr",
      "note": "WOL",
      "name": "Deliry C.",
      "address": "France",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3867-8872"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6914-1026",
      "given": "Pablo M",
      "family": "Dellapé",
      "rorid": "01tjs6929",
      "department": "División Entomología",
      "city": "La Plata",
      "country": "AR",
      "note": "SF Lygaeoidea",
      "name": "Dellapé P. M",
      "address": "La Plata, Argentina",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6914-1026",
      "organisation": "Museo de La Plata"
    },
    {
      "given": "J.",
      "family": "Den Heyer",
      "note": "BdelloideaBase",
      "name": "Den Heyer J."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5232-2277",
      "given": "Klaas-Douwe",
      "family": "Dijkstra",
      "country": "NL",
      "email": "kd.dijkstra@naturalis.nl",
      "note": "WOL",
      "name": "Dijkstra K.-D.",
      "address": "Netherlands",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5232-2277"
    },
    {
      "given": "D.A.",
      "family": "Dmitriev",
      "department": "INHS",
      "city": "Champaign",
      "state": "IL",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "3i Auchenorrhyncha; 3i Auchenorrhyncha",
      "name": "Dmitriev D.A.",
      "address": "Champaign, IL, United States of America",
      "organisation": "University of Illinois"
    },
    {
      "given": "Martin",
      "family": "Dohrmann",
      "email": "m.dohrmann@lrz.uni-muenchen.de",
      "note": "WoRMS Porifera",
      "name": "Dohrmann M."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9068-9232",
      "given": "Óscar",
      "family": "Dorado",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Dorado Ó.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9068-9232"
    },
    {
      "given": "Franck",
      "family": "Dorkeld",
      "city": "Montpellier",
      "country": "FR",
      "email": "franck.dorkeld@inra.fr",
      "note": "SpmWeb",
      "name": "Dorkeld F.",
      "address": "Montpellier, France",
      "organisation": "French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE)"
    },
    {
      "given": "Rachel",
      "family": "Downey",
      "email": "Rachel.downey@anu.edu.au",
      "note": "WoRMS Porifera",
      "name": "Downey R."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6152-5458",
      "given": "Lei",
      "family": "Duan",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Duan L.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6152-5458"
    },
    {
      "given": "Maria-Cristina",
      "family": "Díaz",
      "email": "taxochica@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Porifera",
      "name": "Díaz M.-C."
    },
    {
      "given": "David C",
      "family": "Eades",
      "rorid": "047426m28",
      "department": "Illinois Natural History Survey",
      "city": "Champaign",
      "state": "IL",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "SF Orthoptera",
      "name": "Eades D. C",
      "address": "Champaign, IL, United States of America",
      "organisation": "University of Illinois"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7803-4444",
      "given": "Ashley N.",
      "family": "Egan",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Egan A. N.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7803-4444"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0531-0732",
      "given": "Michael",
      "family": "Eitel",
      "email": "michael.eitel@tum.de",
      "note": "WoRMS Placozoa",
      "name": "Eitel M.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0531-0732"
    },
    {
      "given": "Aliya",
      "family": "El Nagar",
      "email": "A.ElNagar@leeds.ac.uk",
      "note": "WoRMS Pycnogonida",
      "name": "El Nagar A."
    },
    {
      "given": "Christian C.",
      "family": "Emig",
      "note": "Phoronida Database",
      "name": "Emig C. C.",
      "organisation": "BrachNet"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3067-077X",
      "given": "Michael S.",
      "family": "Engel",
      "rorid": "001tmjg57",
      "department": "Natural History Museum and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology",
      "city": "Lawrence",
      "state": "Kansas",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "SF Isoptera",
      "name": "Engel M. S.",
      "address": "Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3067-077X",
      "organisation": "University of Kansas"
    },
    {
      "given": "Patricia",
      "family": "Esquete Garrote",
      "email": "pesquete@ua.pt",
      "note": "WoRMS Tanaidacea",
      "name": "Esquete Garrote P."
    },
    {
      "given": "G.A.",
      "family": "Evans",
      "note": "Mites GSD Tenuipalpidae",
      "name": "Evans G.A."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1314-755X",
      "given": "Neal L",
      "family": "Evenhuis",
      "city": "Honolulu",
      "country": "US",
      "email": "neale@bishopmuseum.org",
      "note": "Systema Dipterorum",
      "name": "Evenhuis N. L",
      "address": "Honolulu, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1314-755X",
      "organisation": "Bishop Museum"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8337-5112",
      "given": "Marcus",
      "family": "Falcão",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Falcão M.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8337-5112"
    },
    {
      "given": "Frank",
      "family": "Farruggia",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Farruggia F."
    },
    {
      "given": "Kristian",
      "family": "Fauchald",
      "note": "WoRMS Polychaeta",
      "name": "Fauchald K."
    },
    {
      "given": "Daphne",
      "family": "Fautin",
      "note": "WoRMS Actiniaria; WoRMS Corallimorpharia",
      "name": "Fautin D."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6243-3184",
      "given": "Colin",
      "family": "Favret",
      "rorid": "0161xgx34",
      "department": "Department of Biological Sciences",
      "city": "Montreal",
      "country": "CA",
      "note": "SF Aphid",
      "name": "Favret C.",
      "address": "Montreal, Canada",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6243-3184",
      "organisation": "University of Montreal"
    },
    {
      "given": "Cene",
      "family": "Fišer",
      "email": "Cene.Fiser@bf.uni-lj.si",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Fišer C."
    },
    {
      "given": "L.",
      "family": "Forró",
      "note": "FADA Cladocera",
      "name": "Forró L."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4977-4341",
      "given": "Ana Paula",
      "family": "Fortuna-Perez",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Fortuna-Perez A. P.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4977-4341"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4984-8224",
      "given": "Helen",
      "family": "Fortune-Hopkins",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Fortune-Hopkins H.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4984-8224"
    },
    {
      "given": "Peter",
      "family": "Fritsch",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Fritsch P."
    },
    {
      "given": "Rainer",
      "family": "Froese",
      "city": "Kiel",
      "country": "DE",
      "note": "FishBase",
      "name": "Froese R.",
      "address": "Kiel, Germany",
      "organisation": "Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5737-8803",
      "given": "Anne",
      "family": "Fuchs",
      "city": "Canberra",
      "country": "AU",
      "note": "Global Team",
      "name": "Fuchs A.",
      "address": "Canberra, Australia",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5737-8803",
      "organisation": "Australian National Botanic Gardens"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1739-3010",
      "given": "Shinta",
      "family": "Fujimoto",
      "email": "shinta.f@water-bears.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Loricifera",
      "name": "Fujimoto S.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1739-3010"
    },
    {
      "given": "Hidetaka",
      "family": "Furuya",
      "email": "hfuruya@bio.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp",
      "note": "WoRMS Orthonectida; WoRMS Rhombozoa",
      "name": "Furuya H."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3212-9688",
      "given": "Edeline",
      "family": "Gagnon",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Gagnon E.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3212-9688"
    },
    {
      "given": "Rade",
      "family": "Garic",
      "email": "rade.garic@unidu.hr",
      "note": "WoRMS Appendicularia; WoRMS Thaliacea",
      "name": "Garic R."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0724-7060",
      "given": "Stephen",
      "family": "Garnett",
      "city": "Darwin",
      "country": "AU",
      "note": "Global Team",
      "name": "Garnett S.",
      "address": "Darwin, Australia",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0724-7060",
      "organisation": "Charles Darwin University"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9716-1964",
      "given": "Rebeca",
      "family": "Gasca",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Gasca R.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9716-1964"
    },
    {
      "given": "J.-L.",
      "family": "Gattolliat",
      "note": "FADA Ephemeroptera",
      "name": "Gattolliat J.-L."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7895-8137",
      "given": "Sarah",
      "family": "Gerken",
      "email": "sagerken@alaska.edu",
      "note": "WoRMS Cumacea",
      "name": "Gerken S.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7895-8137"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2908-491X",
      "given": "David",
      "family": "Gibson",
      "email": "dig@nhm.ac.uk",
      "note": "WoRMS Monogenea; WoRMS Trematoda",
      "name": "Gibson D.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-491X"
    },
    {
      "given": "Raymond",
      "family": "Gibson",
      "email": "info@marinespecies.org",
      "note": "WoRMS Nemertea",
      "name": "Gibson R."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0857-1679",
      "given": "Cees",
      "family": "Gielis",
      "rorid": "0566bfb96",
      "city": "Leiden",
      "country": "NL",
      "url": "https://www.naturalis.nl/",
      "note": "Pterophoroidea; Alucitoidea",
      "name": "Gielis C.",
      "address": "Leiden, Netherlands",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0857-1679",
      "organisation": "Naturalis Biodiversity Center"
    },
    {
      "given": "Todd",
      "family": "Gilligan",
      "rorid": "0599wfz09",
      "department": "Plant Protection and Quarantine, Science and Technology",
      "city": "Fort Collins",
      "state": "CO",
      "country": "US",
      "email": "todd.m.gilligan@usda.gov",
      "note": "Tortricid.net",
      "name": "Gilligan T.",
      "address": "Fort Collins, CO, United States of America",
      "organisation": "USDA APHIS"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5467-8429",
      "given": "Gonzalo",
      "family": "Giribet",
      "department": "Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology",
      "city": "Cambridge",
      "state": "MA",
      "country": "US",
      "email": "ggiribet@g.harvard.edu",
      "note": "WCO",
      "name": "Giribet G.",
      "address": "Cambridge, MA, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5467-8429",
      "organisation": "Harvard University"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0851-6883",
      "given": "Jennifer C.",
      "family": "Girón Duque",
      "rorid": "0405mnx93",
      "department": "Invertebrate Zoology Collection",
      "city": "Lubbock",
      "state": "TX",
      "country": "US",
      "email": "entiminae@gmail.com",
      "url": "https://sites.google.com/view/jcgiron/home",
      "note": "Entiminae",
      "name": "Girón Duque J. C.",
      "address": "Lubbock, TX, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883",
      "organisation": "Museum of Texas Tech University"
    },
    {
      "given": "Arjan",
      "family": "Gittenberger",
      "email": "Arjan.Gittenberger@naturalis.nl",
      "note": "WoRMS Ascidiacea",
      "name": "Gittenberger A."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4719-3711",
      "given": "Gianpietro",
      "family": "Giusso del Galdo",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Giusso del Galdo G.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4719-3711"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3141-3700",
      "given": "Serge",
      "family": "Gofas",
      "email": "sgofas@uma.es",
      "note": "WoRMS Xenoturbellida",
      "name": "Gofas S.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3141-3700"
    },
    {
      "given": "Mikhail",
      "family": "Goncharov",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Goncharov M."
    },
    {
      "given": "Anne Isabelley",
      "family": "Gondim",
      "email": "anneisabelley@yahoo.com.br",
      "note": "WoRMS Crinoidea",
      "name": "Gondim A. I."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2428-1340",
      "given": "Claire",
      "family": "Goodwin",
      "email": "Claire.Goodwin@huntsmanmarine.ca",
      "note": "WoRMS Porifera",
      "name": "Goodwin C.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2428-1340"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2991-5282",
      "given": "Rafaël",
      "family": "Govaerts",
      "city": "London",
      "country": "GB",
      "url": "https://www.kew.org/",
      "note": "WCVP; WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Govaerts R.",
      "address": "London, United Kingdom",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2991-5282",
      "organisation": "The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4551-3454",
      "given": "Michal",
      "family": "Grabowski",
      "email": "michal.grabowski@biol.uni.lodz.pl",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Grabowski M.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4551-3454"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1256-3567",
      "given": "Alexia de A.",
      "family": "Granado",
      "department": "Departamento de Invertebrados",
      "city": "Rio de Janeiro",
      "country": "BR",
      "email": "granadoalexia@mn.ufrj.br",
      "note": "WCO",
      "name": "Granado A. de A.",
      "address": "Rio de Janeiro, Brazil",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1256-3567",
      "organisation": "Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro"
    },
    {
      "given": "Alex",
      "family": "Gray",
      "country": "GB",
      "note": "Board of Directors",
      "name": "Gray A.",
      "address": "United Kingdom",
      "organisation": "Species 2000 Scotland"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7892-5757",
      "given": "Bernarda de Souza",
      "family": "Gregório",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Gregório B. de S.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7892-5757"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3119-1140",
      "given": "John R.",
      "family": "Grehan",
      "rorid": "02pjdv450",
      "department": "McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity",
      "city": "Gainesville",
      "state": "Florida",
      "country": "US",
      "email": "calabar.john@gmail.com",
      "note": "Hepialidae",
      "name": "Grehan J. R.",
      "address": "Gainesville, Florida, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3119-1140",
      "organisation": "Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida"
    },
    {
      "given": "Rosaura",
      "family": "Grether",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Grether R."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2271-0172",
      "given": "David A.",
      "family": "Grimaldi",
      "rorid": "03thb3e06",
      "department": "Division of Invertebrate Zoology",
      "city": "New York",
      "state": "New York",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "SF Isoptera",
      "name": "Grimaldi D. A.",
      "address": "New York, New York, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2271-0172",
      "organisation": "American Museum of Natural History"
    },
    {
      "given": "Onno",
      "family": "Gross",
      "email": "info@deepwave.org",
      "note": "WoRMS Foraminifera",
      "name": "Gross O."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6050-4997",
      "given": "José Manuel",
      "family": "Guerra-García",
      "email": "jmguerra@us.es",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Guerra-García J. M.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6050-4997"
    },
    {
      "given": "Alberto",
      "family": "Guglielmone",
      "note": "TicksBase",
      "name": "Guglielmone A."
    },
    {
      "given": "E.",
      "family": "Guilbert",
      "note": "Lace Bugs Database",
      "name": "Guilbert E."
    },
    {
      "given": "Josef",
      "family": "Gusenleitner",
      "city": "Linz",
      "country": "AT",
      "note": "ZOBODAT Vespoidea",
      "name": "Gusenleitner J.",
      "address": "Linz, Austria",
      "organisation": "Oberostereichisches Landesmuseum"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5918-2262",
      "given": "Fabian",
      "family": "Haas",
      "city": "Nairobi",
      "country": "KE",
      "note": "Data provider; SF Dermaptera",
      "name": "Haas F.",
      "address": "Nairobi, Kenya",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5918-2262",
      "organisation": "African Insect Science for Food and Health (ICIPE)"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1308-6360",
      "given": "Kerry A.",
      "family": "Hadfield",
      "email": "kerryh26@yahoo.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Isopoda",
      "name": "Hadfield K. A.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-6360"
    },
    {
      "given": "Eduardo",
      "family": "Hajdu",
      "email": "eduardo.hajdu@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Porifera",
      "name": "Hajdu E."
    },
    {
      "given": "Michael",
      "family": "Hassler",
      "city": "Karlsruhe",
      "country": "DE",
      "email": "hassler.michael@t-online.de",
      "note": "World Ferns; World Plants",
      "name": "Hassler M.",
      "address": "Karlsruhe, Germany",
      "organisation": "Individual custodian in cooperation with the Botanical Garden of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology"
    },
    {
      "given": "Michael W.",
      "family": "Hastriter",
      "department": "Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum",
      "city": "Provo",
      "state": "Utah",
      "country": "US",
      "email": "michaelhastriter@comcast.net",
      "note": "LWS fleas",
      "name": "Hastriter M. W.",
      "address": "Provo, Utah, United States of America",
      "organisation": "Brigham Young University"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0358-9928",
      "given": "Axel",
      "family": "Hausmann",
      "rorid": "04rekk491",
      "department": "Entomology",
      "city": "Munich",
      "country": "DE",
      "url": "http://www.zsm.mwn.de/e/",
      "note": "Geometridae",
      "name": "Hausmann A.",
      "address": "Munich, Germany",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0358-9928",
      "organisation": "Bavarian State Collection of Zoology"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1302-7686",
      "given": "Bruce W.",
      "family": "Hayward",
      "email": "b.hayward@geomarine.org.nz",
      "note": "WoRMS Foraminifera",
      "name": "Hayward B. W.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1302-7686"
    },
    {
      "given": "Ed",
      "family": "Hendrycks",
      "email": "ehendrycks@nature.ca",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Hendrycks E."
    },
    {
      "given": "Thomas J",
      "family": "Henry",
      "rorid": "01pp8nd67",
      "department": "Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service",
      "city": "Washington",
      "state": "DC",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "SF Lygaeoidea",
      "name": "Henry T. J",
      "address": "Washington, DC, United States of America",
      "organisation": "USDA c/o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution"
    },
    {
      "given": "F.A.",
      "family": "Hernandes",
      "note": "BdelloideaBase",
      "name": "Hernandes F.A."
    },
    {
      "given": "Francisco",
      "family": "Hernandez",
      "city": "Oostende",
      "country": "BE",
      "note": "Board of Directors",
      "name": "Hernandez F.",
      "address": "Oostende, Belgium",
      "organisation": "Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee (VLIZ)"
    },
    {
      "given": "Juan Carlos",
      "family": "Hernández-Crespo",
      "city": "Madrid",
      "country": "ES",
      "note": "Eumycetozoa.com",
      "name": "Hernández-Crespo J. C.",
      "address": "Madrid, Spain",
      "organisation": "Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, CSIC"
    },
    {
      "given": "Alfonso",
      "family": "Herrera Bachiller",
      "email": "fosilete@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Nemertea",
      "name": "Herrera Bachiller A."
    },
    {
      "given": "Adrian",
      "family": "Hine",
      "rorid": "039zvsn29",
      "city": "London",
      "country": "GB",
      "url": "http://www.nhm.ac.uk/",
      "note": "GLI",
      "name": "Hine A.",
      "address": "London, United Kingdom",
      "organisation": "Natural History Museum"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7341-0666",
      "given": "Alicia",
      "family": "Hodson",
      "email": "hodsona@si.edu",
      "note": "ITIS",
      "name": "Hodson A.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7341-0666"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8259-3783",
      "given": "Bert",
      "family": "Hoeksema",
      "email": "bert.hoeksema@naturalis.nl",
      "note": "WoRMS Scleractinia",
      "name": "Hoeksema B.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8259-3783"
    },
    {
      "given": "Mario",
      "family": "Hoenemann",
      "note": "WoRMS Remipedia",
      "name": "Hoenemann M."
    },
    {
      "given": "J.",
      "family": "Holstein",
      "note": "GloBIS (GART)",
      "name": "Holstein J."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3410-6914",
      "given": "Matthew",
      "family": "Hooge",
      "email": "info@marinespecies.org",
      "note": "WoRMS Turbellarians",
      "name": "Hooge M.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3410-6914"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1722-5954",
      "given": "John",
      "family": "Hooper",
      "email": "john.hooper@qm.qld.gov.au",
      "note": "WoRMS Porifera",
      "name": "Hooper J.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1722-5954"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0961-4554",
      "given": "Heidi",
      "family": "Hopkins",
      "rorid": "047426m28",
      "city": "Ithaca",
      "state": "NY",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "Author; SF Plecoptera; Author; SF Embioptera; Author; SF Psocodea; Author; SF Dermaptera; Author; SF Zoraptera; Author; SF Mantophasmatodea; Author; SF Grylloblattodea; Author; SF Coleorrhyncha; SF Isoptera",
      "name": "Hopkins H.",
      "address": "Ithaca, NY, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0961-4554",
      "organisation": "University of Illinois"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2200-6126",
      "given": "Ivan",
      "family": "Horak",
      "city": "Pretoria",
      "country": "ZA",
      "note": "TicksBase",
      "name": "Horak I.",
      "address": "Pretoria, South Africa",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2200-6126",
      "organisation": "University of Pretoria"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4250-1068",
      "given": "Tammy",
      "family": "Horton",
      "email": "tammy.horton@noc.ac.uk",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Horton T.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4250-1068"
    },
    {
      "given": "Jirí",
      "family": "Hošek",
      "note": "ReptileDB",
      "name": "Hošek J."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9701-0699",
      "given": "Colin",
      "family": "Hughes",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Hughes C.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9701-0699"
    },
    {
      "given": "Lauren",
      "family": "Hughes",
      "email": "l.hughes@nhm.ac.uk",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Hughes L."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2411-7003",
      "given": "Rony",
      "family": "Huys",
      "email": "r.huys@nhm.ac.uk",
      "note": "WoRMS Tantulocarida",
      "name": "Huys R.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2411-7003"
    },
    {
      "given": "C.",
      "family": "Häuser",
      "note": "GloBIS (GART)",
      "name": "Häuser C."
    },
    {
      "given": "F.",
      "family": "Janssens",
      "note": "Collembola.org",
      "name": "Janssens F."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1857-3005",
      "given": "Damià",
      "family": "Jaume",
      "email": "damiajaume@imedea.uib-csic.es",
      "note": "WoRMS Thermosbaenacea; WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Jaume D.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1857-3005"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5836-6764",
      "given": "Firouzeh",
      "family": "Javadi",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Javadi F.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5836-6764"
    },
    {
      "given": "Krzysztof",
      "family": "Jazdzewski",
      "email": "info@marinespecies.org",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Jazdzewski K."
    },
    {
      "given": "Kevin P",
      "family": "Johnson",
      "rorid": "047426m28",
      "department": "Illinois Natural History Survey",
      "city": "Champaign",
      "state": "IL",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "Author; SF Psocodea",
      "name": "Johnson K. P",
      "address": "Champaign, IL, United States of America",
      "organisation": "University of Illinois"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9501-0548",
      "given": "Lucas",
      "family": "Jordão",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Jordão L.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9501-0548"
    },
    {
      "given": "Piotr",
      "family": "Jóźwiak",
      "email": "piotr.jozwiak@biol.uni.lodz.pl",
      "note": "WoRMS Tanaidacea",
      "name": "Jóźwiak P."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4630-9065",
      "given": "Keiichi",
      "family": "Kakui",
      "email": "keiichikakui@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Tanaidacea",
      "name": "Kakui K.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4630-9065"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6312-6968",
      "given": "Axel",
      "family": "Kallies",
      "rorid": "01ej9dk98",
      "city": "Melbourne",
      "state": "Victoria",
      "country": "AU",
      "email": "axel.kallies@unimelb.edu.au",
      "note": "Sesiidae",
      "name": "Kallies A.",
      "address": "Melbourne, Victoria, Australia",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6312-6968",
      "organisation": "University of Melbourne"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2915-0614",
      "given": "Marcin Jan",
      "family": "Kamiński",
      "city": "Warsaw",
      "country": "PL",
      "note": "Sepidiini tribe",
      "name": "Kamiński M. J.",
      "address": "Warsaw, Poland",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-0614",
      "organisation": "Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences"
    },
    {
      "given": "Kojun",
      "family": "Kanda",
      "city": "Flagstaff",
      "state": "AZ",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "Sepidiini tribe",
      "name": "Kanda K.",
      "address": "Flagstaff, AZ, United States of America",
      "organisation": "Nortern Arizona University"
    },
    {
      "given": "Ivana",
      "family": "Karanovic",
      "email": "ivana.karanovic@utas.edu.au",
      "note": "WoRMS Ostracoda",
      "name": "Karanovic I."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9907-4779",
      "given": "Jeyaraney",
      "family": "Kathirithamby",
      "department": "Department of Zoology",
      "country": "GB",
      "email": "jeyaraney.kathirithamby@biology.ox.ac.uk",
      "note": "WoRMS Strepsiptera; Taxonomy Group",
      "name": "Kathirithamby J.",
      "address": "United Kingdom",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9907-4779",
      "organisation": "University of oxford"
    },
    {
      "given": "Michelle",
      "family": "Kelly",
      "email": "Michelle.Kelly@niwa.co.nz",
      "note": "WoRMS Porifera",
      "name": "Kelly M."
    },
    {
      "given": "Young-Hyo",
      "family": "Kim",
      "email": "yhkim@dankook.ac.kr",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Kim Y.-H."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8089-7599",
      "given": "Rachael",
      "family": "King",
      "email": "Rachael.King@samuseum.sa.gov.au",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "King R.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8089-7599"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0658-7338",
      "given": "Paul",
      "family": "Kirk",
      "city": "Kew, London",
      "country": "GB",
      "email": "P.Kirk@kew.org",
      "note": "Microsporidia; Species Fungorum Plus",
      "name": "Kirk P.",
      "address": "Kew, London, United Kingdom",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-7338",
      "organisation": "Royal Botanic Gardens"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4738-5967",
      "given": "Ian",
      "family": "Kitching",
      "rorid": "039zvsn29",
      "city": "London",
      "country": "GB",
      "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/",
      "note": "GLI",
      "name": "Kitching I.",
      "address": "London, United Kingdom",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4738-5967",
      "organisation": "Natural History Museum"
    },
    {
      "given": "Michelle",
      "family": "Klautau",
      "email": "mklautau@biologia.ufrj.br",
      "note": "WoRMS Porifera",
      "name": "Klautau M."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8509-0556",
      "given": "Bente B.",
      "family": "Klitgaard",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Klitgaard B. B.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8509-0556"
    },
    {
      "given": "Stefan",
      "family": "Koenemann",
      "note": "WoRMS Remipedia",
      "name": "Koenemann S."
    },
    {
      "given": "N.M.",
      "family": "Korovchinsky",
      "note": "FADA Cladocera",
      "name": "Korovchinsky N.M."
    },
    {
      "given": "A.",
      "family": "Kotov",
      "note": "FADA Cladocera",
      "name": "Kotov A."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6417-3678",
      "given": "Tatiana",
      "family": "Kramina",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Kramina T.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6417-3678"
    },
    {
      "given": "Traudl",
      "family": "Krapp-Schickel",
      "email": "traudl.krapp@netcologne.de",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Krapp-Schickel T."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8851-3318",
      "given": "Antonina",
      "family": "Kremenetskaia",
      "email": "antoneene@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Holothuroidea",
      "name": "Kremenetskaia A.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8851-3318"
    },
    {
      "given": "Kumar",
      "family": "Krishna",
      "rorid": "03thb3e06",
      "department": "Division of Invertebrate Zoology",
      "city": "New York",
      "state": "New York",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "SF Isoptera",
      "name": "Krishna K.",
      "address": "New York, New York, United States of America",
      "organisation": "American Museum of Natural History"
    },
    {
      "given": "Valerie",
      "family": "Krishna",
      "rorid": "03thb3e06",
      "department": "Division of Invertebrate Zoology",
      "city": "New York",
      "state": "New York",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "SF Isoptera",
      "name": "Krishna V.",
      "address": "New York, New York, United States of America",
      "organisation": "American Museum of Natural History"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8566-8848",
      "given": "Andreas",
      "family": "Kroh",
      "email": "andreas.kroh@nhm-wien.ac.at",
      "note": "WoRMS Echinoidea",
      "name": "Kroh A.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8566-8848"
    },
    {
      "given": "A.S.",
      "family": "Kroupa",
      "note": "GloBIS (GART); HymIS Crabronidae & Rhopalosomatidae; HymIS Pompilidae",
      "name": "Kroupa A.S."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8334-6204",
      "given": "Adriano B.",
      "family": "Kury",
      "department": "Departamento de Invertebrados",
      "city": "Rio de Janeiro",
      "country": "BR",
      "email": "adrianok@gmail.com",
      "note": "WCO",
      "name": "Kury A. B.",
      "address": "Rio de Janeiro, Brazil",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8334-6204",
      "organisation": "Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0501-9440",
      "given": "Milena S.",
      "family": "Kury",
      "department": "Departamento de Meteorologia",
      "city": "Fortaleza",
      "country": "BR",
      "email": "milenaskury@gmail.com",
      "note": "WCO",
      "name": "Kury M. S.",
      "address": "Fortaleza, Brazil",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0501-9440",
      "organisation": "Fundação Cearense de Meteorologia e Recursos Hídricos (FUNCEME)"
    },
    {
      "given": "J.",
      "family": "Kvaček",
      "note": "Fossil Ginkgoales",
      "name": "Kvaček J."
    },
    {
      "given": "Olivier",
      "family": "Lachenaud",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Lachenaud O."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6135-2873",
      "given": "Carlos",
      "family": "Lado",
      "city": "Madrid",
      "country": "ES",
      "note": "Eumycetozoa.com",
      "name": "Lado C.",
      "address": "Madrid, Spain",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6135-2873",
      "organisation": "Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid, CSIC"
    },
    {
      "given": "Gretchen",
      "family": "Lambert",
      "email": "gretchen.lambert00@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Ascidiacea",
      "name": "Lambert G."
    },
    {
      "given": "Lorena",
      "family": "Lana C. Atunes",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Lana C. Atunes L."
    },
    {
      "given": "David",
      "family": "Lazarus",
      "email": "david.lazarus@mfn-berlin.de",
      "note": "WoRMS Polycystina",
      "name": "Lazarus D."
    },
    {
      "given": "François",
      "family": "Le Coze",
      "email": "info@marinespecies.org",
      "note": "WoRMS Foraminifera",
      "name": "Le Coze F."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4705-2513",
      "given": "M. Marianne",
      "family": "Le Roux",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Le Roux M. M.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4705-2513"
    },
    {
      "given": "Sara",
      "family": "LeCroy",
      "email": "sara.lecroy@usm.edu",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "LeCroy S."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8998-4373",
      "given": "José",
      "family": "Ledis Linares",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Ledis Linares J.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8998-4373"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9636-8242",
      "given": "Sangmi",
      "family": "Lee",
      "rorid": "03efmqc40",
      "city": "Tempe",
      "state": "Arizona",
      "country": "US",
      "email": "slee281@asu.edu",
      "note": "Gelechiidae",
      "name": "Lee S.",
      "address": "Tempe, Arizona, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9636-8242",
      "organisation": "Arizona State University"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2599-4577",
      "given": "Gwilym P.",
      "family": "Lewis",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Lewis G. P.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2599-4577"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6596-5124",
      "given": "Shi-Jin",
      "family": "Li",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Li S.-J.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6596-5124"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1703-5723",
      "given": "Ji",
      "family": "Li-Qiang",
      "department": "Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology",
      "city": "Beijing",
      "country": "CN",
      "note": "Global Team",
      "name": "Li-Qiang J.",
      "address": "Beijing, China",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1703-5723",
      "organisation": "Chinese Academy of Sciences"
    },
    {
      "given": "Robert (†)",
      "family": "Lichtwardt",
      "note": "Trichomycetes",
      "name": "Lichtwardt R."
    },
    {
      "given": "Swee-Cheng",
      "family": "Lim",
      "email": "sponging@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Porifera",
      "name": "Lim S.-C."
    },
    {
      "given": "V.",
      "family": "Lohrmann",
      "note": "HymIS Crabronidae & Rhopalosomatidae",
      "name": "Lohrmann V."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1819-3010",
      "given": "Stuart J.",
      "family": "Longhorn",
      "country": "GB",
      "email": "sjl197@hotmail.com",
      "note": "WCO",
      "name": "Longhorn S. J.",
      "address": "United Kingdom",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1819-3010"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2894-2166",
      "given": "Wolfgang",
      "family": "Lorenz",
      "email": "faunaplan@posteo.de",
      "note": "CarabCat; CarabCat",
      "name": "Lorenz W.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2894-2166"
    },
    {
      "given": "Jim",
      "family": "Lowry",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Lowry J."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8071-7567",
      "given": "Federico",
      "family": "Lozano",
      "city": "Buenos Aires",
      "country": "AR",
      "email": "federicolozano82@gmail.com",
      "note": "WOL",
      "name": "Lozano F.",
      "address": "Buenos Aires, Argentina",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8071-7567",
      "organisation": "Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda"
    },
    {
      "given": "Ryan",
      "family": "Lumen",
      "city": "Flagstaff",
      "state": "AZ",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "Sepidiini tribe",
      "name": "Lumen R.",
      "address": "Flagstaff, AZ, United States of America",
      "organisation": "Nortern Arizona University"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3647-6222",
      "given": "Chris HC",
      "family": "Lyal",
      "rorid": "039zvsn29",
      "city": "London",
      "country": "GB",
      "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/",
      "note": "WTaxa; GLI",
      "name": "Lyal C. HC",
      "address": "London, United Kingdom",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3647-6222",
      "organisation": "Natural History Museum"
    },
    {
      "given": "Anne-Nina",
      "family": "Lörz",
      "email": "Anne-Nina.Loerz@uni-hamburg.de",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Lörz A.-N."
    },
    {
      "given": "Larry",
      "family": "Madin",
      "note": "WoRMS Thaliacea",
      "name": "Madin L."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2637-7522",
      "given": "Philippe",
      "family": "Magnien",
      "city": "Paris",
      "country": "FR",
      "email": "philippe@heteroptera.fr",
      "note": "Tessaratomidae Database",
      "name": "Magnien P.",
      "address": "Paris, France",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2637-7522",
      "organisation": "Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0178-8237",
      "given": "Christopher",
      "family": "Mah",
      "note": "WoRMS Asteroidea",
      "name": "Mah C.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0178-8237"
    },
    {
      "given": "Noel",
      "family": "Mal",
      "city": "Brussels",
      "country": "BE",
      "note": "Sepidiini tribe",
      "name": "Mal N.",
      "address": "Brussels, Belgium",
      "organisation": "Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0524-3015",
      "given": "Tomasz",
      "family": "Mamos",
      "email": "tomasz.mamos@biol.uni.lodz.pl",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Mamos T.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0524-3015"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7619-8493",
      "given": "Renata",
      "family": "Manconi",
      "email": "rmanconi@uniss.it",
      "note": "WoRMS Porifera",
      "name": "Manconi R.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7619-8493"
    },
    {
      "given": "Vidal",
      "family": "Mansano",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Mansano V."
    },
    {
      "given": "Kelly",
      "family": "Markello",
      "email": "kmarkello@calacademy.org",
      "note": "WoRMS Crinoidea",
      "name": "Markello K."
    },
    {
      "given": "Jon H.",
      "family": "Martin",
      "city": "London",
      "country": "GB",
      "note": "The White-Files",
      "name": "Martin J. H.",
      "address": "London, United Kingdom",
      "organisation": "Natural History Museum"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8008-5558",
      "given": "Patrick",
      "family": "Martin",
      "email": "patrick.martin@naturalsciences.be",
      "note": "WoRMS Oligochaeta",
      "name": "Martin P.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-5558"
    },
    {
      "given": "Kagiso S.",
      "family": "Mashego",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Mashego K. S."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3039-0973",
      "given": "Bruce",
      "family": "Maslin",
      "city": "Perth",
      "country": "AU",
      "email": "bruce.maslin@outlook.com",
      "note": "WWW; WWW; WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Maslin B.",
      "address": "Perth, Australia",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3039-0973",
      "organisation": "Western Australian Herbarium"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2911-0740",
      "given": "Sawai",
      "family": "Mattapha",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Mattapha S.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2911-0740"
    },
    {
      "given": "Catherine",
      "family": "McFadden",
      "email": "mcfadden@g.hmc.edu",
      "note": "WoRMS Octocorallia",
      "name": "McFadden C."
    },
    {
      "given": "S.",
      "family": "McKamey",
      "note": "MOWD; 3i Auchenorrhyncha",
      "name": "McKamey S."
    },
    {
      "given": "J.A.",
      "family": "McMurtry",
      "note": "Mites GSD Phytoseiidae",
      "name": "McMurtry J.A."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3215-3592",
      "given": "Miguel Angel",
      "family": "Medrano",
      "department": "Invertebrados",
      "city": "Rio de Janeiro",
      "state": "RJ",
      "country": "BR",
      "email": "miangelmed@gmail.com",
      "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Miguel-Medrano-2",
      "note": "WCO",
      "name": "Medrano M. A.",
      "address": "Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3215-3592",
      "organisation": "Museu Nacional/UFRJ"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5709-3816",
      "given": "Jan",
      "family": "Mees",
      "email": "jan.mees@vliz.be",
      "note": "WoRMS Leptostraca",
      "name": "Mees J.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5709-3816"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7220-6396",
      "given": "Amanda C.",
      "family": "Mendes",
      "department": "Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto de Alcantara Gomes",
      "city": "Rio de Janeiro",
      "country": "BR",
      "email": "amanda.mendes@gmail.com",
      "note": "WCO",
      "name": "Mendes A. C.",
      "address": "Rio de Janeiro, Brazil",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7220-6396",
      "organisation": "Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ)"
    },
    {
      "given": "Kelly",
      "family": "Merrin",
      "email": "kellymerrin@hotmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Isopoda",
      "name": "Merrin K."
    },
    {
      "given": "N.C.",
      "family": "Mesa",
      "note": "Mites GSD Tenuipalpidae",
      "name": "Mesa N.C."
    },
    {
      "given": "Charles",
      "family": "Messing",
      "note": "WoRMS Crinoidea",
      "name": "Messing C."
    },
    {
      "given": "Carlos G.C.",
      "family": "Mielke",
      "rorid": "02pjdv450",
      "department": "McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity",
      "city": "Gainesville",
      "state": "Florida",
      "country": "US",
      "email": "cmielke1@uol.com.br",
      "note": "Hepialidae",
      "name": "Mielke C. G.C.",
      "address": "Gainesville, Florida, United States of America",
      "organisation": "Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida"
    },
    {
      "given": "Alain",
      "family": "Migeon",
      "city": "Montpellier",
      "country": "FR",
      "email": "alain.migeon@inrae.fr",
      "note": "SpmWeb",
      "name": "Migeon A.",
      "address": "Montpellier, France",
      "organisation": "French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE)"
    },
    {
      "given": "Douglas R",
      "family": "Miller",
      "department": "Systematic Entomology Laboratory",
      "city": "Beltsville",
      "state": "MD",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "ScaleNet",
      "name": "Miller D. R",
      "address": "Beltsville, MD, United States of America",
      "organisation": "US Department of Agriculture"
    },
    {
      "given": "Claudia",
      "family": "Mills",
      "email": "cemills@u.washington.edu",
      "note": "WoRMS Ctenophora; WoRMS Staurozoa",
      "name": "Mills C."
    },
    {
      "given": "A.",
      "family": "Minelli",
      "note": "ChiloBase",
      "name": "Minelli A."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5418-244X",
      "given": "David",
      "family": "Mitchell",
      "email": "mitchelld@si.edu",
      "note": "ITIS",
      "name": "Mitchell D.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5418-244X"
    },
    {
      "family": "MolluscaBase eds.",
      "note": "WoRMS Mollusca",
      "name": "MolluscaBase eds."
    },
    {
      "given": "Tina",
      "family": "Molodtsova",
      "email": "tina@ocean.ru",
      "note": "WoRMS Ceriantharia; WoRMS Antipatharia",
      "name": "Molodtsova T."
    },
    {
      "given": "José Francisco",
      "family": "Montenegro Valls",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Montenegro Valls J. F."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1533-8488",
      "given": "Richard",
      "family": "Mooi",
      "email": "rmooi@calacademy.org",
      "note": "WoRMS Echinoidea",
      "name": "Mooi R.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-8488"
    },
    {
      "given": "André",
      "family": "Morandini",
      "email": "acmorand@ib.usp.br",
      "note": "WoRMS Scyphozoa",
      "name": "Morandini A."
    },
    {
      "given": "Rosana",
      "family": "Moreira da Rocha",
      "email": "rmrocha@ufpr.br",
      "note": "WoRMS Ascidiacea",
      "name": "Moreira da Rocha R."
    },
    {
      "given": "Christine",
      "family": "Morrow",
      "email": "christinemorrow@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Porifera",
      "name": "Morrow C."
    },
    {
      "given": "Annah",
      "family": "Moteetee",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Moteetee A."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8256-105X",
      "given": "Leidys",
      "family": "Murillo-Ramos",
      "rorid": "04fbb7514",
      "department": "Departamento de Biología",
      "city": "Sucre",
      "country": "CO",
      "url": "http://www.unisucre.edu.co/",
      "note": "Geometridae",
      "name": "Murillo-Ramos L.",
      "address": "Sucre, Colombia",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8256-105X",
      "organisation": "Universidad de Sucre"
    },
    {
      "given": "Bruce",
      "family": "Murphy",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Murphy B."
    },
    {
      "given": "J.P.Z.",
      "family": "Narita",
      "note": "Mites GSD Phytoseiidae",
      "name": "Narita J.P.Z."
    },
    {
      "family": "Nemys eds.",
      "note": "WoRMS Nematoda",
      "name": "Nemys eds."
    },
    {
      "given": "Davi Galvão",
      "family": "Nery",
      "email": "davi.galvaon@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Ostracoda",
      "name": "Nery D. G."
    },
    {
      "given": "U",
      "family": "Neu-Becker",
      "rorid": "02rbfnr22",
      "city": "Munich",
      "country": "DE",
      "note": "Author; SF Plecoptera",
      "name": "Neu-Becker U",
      "address": "Munich, Germany",
      "organisation": "Max Planck Institute"
    },
    {
      "given": "Birger",
      "family": "Neuhaus",
      "email": "birger.neuhaus@mfn.berlin",
      "note": "WoRMS Kinorhyncha",
      "name": "Neuhaus B."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9885-6306",
      "given": "Alfred",
      "family": "Newton",
      "city": "Chicago",
      "country": "US",
      "email": "anewton@fieldmuseum.org",
      "note": "StaphBase",
      "name": "Newton A.",
      "address": "Chicago, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9885-6306",
      "organisation": "Field Museum of Natural History"
    },
    {
      "given": "Peter",
      "family": "Ng Kee Lin",
      "email": "dbsngkl@nus.edu.sg",
      "note": "WoRMS Brachyura",
      "name": "Ng Kee Lin P."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7987-0679",
      "given": "Dave",
      "family": "Nicolson",
      "city": "Washington, D.C.",
      "country": "US",
      "email": "nicolsod@si.edu",
      "note": "ITIS; Global Team, Taxonomy Group",
      "name": "Nicolson D.",
      "address": "Washington, D.C., United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-0679",
      "organisation": "US Geological Survey / Smithsonian Institution"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9813-6077",
      "given": "John E.",
      "family": "Nielsen",
      "city": "Downer",
      "state": "ACT",
      "country": "AU",
      "email": "zelotypia.stacyi@gmail.com",
      "note": "Hepialidae",
      "name": "Nielsen J. E.",
      "address": "Downer, ACT, Australia",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9813-6077"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7373-2243",
      "given": "Ard",
      "family": "Nijhof",
      "department": "Institut für Parasitologie und Tropenveterinärmedizin",
      "city": "Berlin",
      "country": "DE",
      "email": "ard.nijhof@fu-berlin.de",
      "note": "TicksBase",
      "name": "Nijhof A.",
      "address": "Berlin, Germany",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7373-2243",
      "organisation": "Freie Universität Berlin"
    },
    {
      "given": "Teruaki",
      "family": "Nishikawa",
      "email": "nishikawateruaki@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Cephalochordata",
      "name": "Nishikawa T."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7776-1527",
      "given": "Jon",
      "family": "Norenburg",
      "email": "norenbur@si.edu",
      "note": "WoRMS Nemertea",
      "name": "Norenburg J.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7776-1527"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0885-6578",
      "given": "Tim",
      "family": "O'Hara",
      "email": "tohara@museum.vic.gov.au",
      "note": "WoRMS Ophiuroidea",
      "name": "O'Hara T.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0885-6578"
    },
    {
      "given": "R.",
      "family": "Ochoa",
      "note": "Mites GSD Tenuipalpidae",
      "name": "Ochoa R."
    },
    {
      "given": "Hiroyoshi",
      "family": "Ohashi",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Ohashi H."
    },
    {
      "given": "Kazuaki",
      "family": "Ohashi",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Ohashi K."
    },
    {
      "given": "Justin",
      "family": "Ollerenshaw",
      "rorid": "039zvsn29",
      "city": "London",
      "country": "GB",
      "url": "http://www.nhm.ac.uk/",
      "note": "GLI",
      "name": "Ollerenshaw J.",
      "address": "London, United Kingdom",
      "organisation": "Natural History Museum"
    },
    {
      "given": "P.",
      "family": "Oosterbroek",
      "note": "CCW",
      "name": "Oosterbroek P."
    },
    {
      "given": "Dennis",
      "family": "Opresko",
      "email": "dmopresko@hotmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Antipatharia",
      "name": "Opresko D."
    },
    {
      "given": "Roy",
      "family": "Osborne",
      "note": "The World List of Cycads",
      "name": "Osborne R."
    },
    {
      "given": "Hans-Jürgen",
      "family": "Osigus",
      "email": "h.j.osigus@ecolevol.de",
      "note": "WoRMS Placozoa",
      "name": "Osigus H.-J."
    },
    {
      "given": "J.D.",
      "family": "Oswald",
      "note": "LDL Neuropterida",
      "name": "Oswald J.D."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7747-6678",
      "given": "Yuzo",
      "family": "Ota",
      "email": "yota1164@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Isopoda",
      "name": "Ota Y.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7747-6678"
    },
    {
      "given": "Daniel",
      "family": "Otte",
      "rorid": "04bdffz58",
      "department": "The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia",
      "city": "Philadelphia",
      "state": "PA",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "SF Orthoptera; SF Mantodea",
      "name": "Otte D.",
      "address": "Philadelphia, PA, United States of America",
      "organisation": "Drexel University"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2931-6116",
      "given": "David",
      "family": "Ouvrard",
      "city": "Paris",
      "country": "FR",
      "email": "david.ouvrard@anses.fr",
      "note": "Psyllist; The White-Files",
      "name": "Ouvrard D.",
      "address": "Paris, France",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2931-6116",
      "organisation": "Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0700-6723",
      "given": "Arun",
      "family": "Pandey",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Pandey A.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-6723"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6609-0609",
      "given": "Thomas",
      "family": "Pape",
      "department": "Natural History Museum of Denmark",
      "city": "Copenhagen",
      "country": "DK",
      "email": "tpape@snm.ku.dk",
      "note": "Systema Dipterorum; Global Team Vice Chair, Taxonomy Group",
      "name": "Pape T.",
      "address": "Copenhagen, Denmark",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6609-0609",
      "organisation": "Natural History Museum of Denmark"
    },
    {
      "given": "Gustav",
      "family": "Paulay",
      "email": "paulay@flmnh.ufl.edu",
      "note": "WoRMS Holothuroidea; WoRMS Priapulida",
      "name": "Paulay G."
    },
    {
      "given": "Dennis",
      "family": "Paulson",
      "department": "Slater Museum",
      "city": "Puget Sound",
      "state": "Washington",
      "country": "US",
      "email": "dennispaulson@comcast.net",
      "url": "https://www2.pugetsound.edu/academics/academic-resources/slater-museum/biodiversity-resources/dragonflies/",
      "note": "WOL",
      "name": "Paulson D.",
      "address": "Puget Sound, Washington, United States of America",
      "organisation": "University of Puget Sound"
    },
    {
      "given": "Daniel",
      "family": "Pauly",
      "department": "Fisheries Centre",
      "city": "Vancouver",
      "country": "CA",
      "note": "FishBase",
      "name": "Pauly D.",
      "address": "Vancouver, Canada",
      "organisation": "University of British Columbia"
    },
    {
      "given": "R. Toby",
      "family": "Pennington",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Pennington R. T."
    },
    {
      "given": "Julia da Silva",
      "family": "Pereira",
      "email": "juliaunbio@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Ostracoda",
      "name": "Pereira J. da S."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3270-9551",
      "given": "Daniel",
      "family": "Perez-Gelabert",
      "email": "perezd@si.edu",
      "note": "ITIS",
      "name": "Perez-Gelabert D.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3270-9551"
    },
    {
      "given": "A.",
      "family": "Petrusek",
      "note": "FADA Cladocera",
      "name": "Petrusek A."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8390-0079",
      "given": "Pete",
      "family": "Phillipson",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Phillipson P.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8390-0079"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3658-1372",
      "given": "Ulisses",
      "family": "Pinheiro",
      "note": "WoRMS Porifera",
      "name": "Pinheiro U.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3658-1372"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0872-8429",
      "given": "Marli",
      "family": "Pires Morim",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Pires Morim M.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0872-8429"
    },
    {
      "given": "Andrzej",
      "family": "Pisera",
      "email": "apis@twarda.pan.pl",
      "note": "WoRMS Porifera",
      "name": "Pisera A."
    },
    {
      "given": "Brian",
      "family": "Pitkin",
      "rorid": "039zvsn29",
      "city": "London",
      "country": "GB",
      "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/",
      "note": "GLI",
      "name": "Pitkin B.",
      "address": "London, United Kingdom",
      "organisation": "Natural History Museum"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2339-655X",
      "given": "David",
      "family": "Plotkin",
      "rorid": "02pjdv450",
      "department": "McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity",
      "city": "Gainesville",
      "state": "Florida",
      "country": "US",
      "url": "http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/",
      "note": "Geometridae",
      "name": "Plotkin D.",
      "address": "Gainesville, Florida, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2339-655X",
      "organisation": "Florida Museum of Natural History"
    },
    {
      "given": "Bruna",
      "family": "Poatskievick Pierezan",
      "email": "brunapp@unisinos.br",
      "note": "WoRMS Crinoidea",
      "name": "Poatskievick Pierezan B."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7414-183X",
      "given": "Gary",
      "family": "Poore",
      "email": "gpoore@museum.vic.gov.au",
      "note": "WoRMS Thermosbaenacea; WoRMS Isopoda",
      "name": "Poore G.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7414-183X"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7768-9059",
      "given": "Maria",
      "family": "Povydysh",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Povydysh M.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7768-9059"
    },
    {
      "given": "Rayran Araújo",
      "family": "Praxedes",
      "email": "rayranpraxedes@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Ostracoda",
      "name": "Praxedes R. A."
    },
    {
      "given": "W.J.",
      "family": "Pulawski",
      "note": "HymIS Crabronidae & Rhopalosomatidae",
      "name": "Pulawski W.J."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0768-1286",
      "given": "Richard",
      "family": "Pyle",
      "city": "Honolulu",
      "state": "Hawaii",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "Global Team, Taxonomy Group",
      "name": "Pyle R.",
      "address": "Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0768-1286",
      "organisation": "Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6512-0730",
      "given": "Franz",
      "family": "Pühringer",
      "department": "Biologiezentrum",
      "city": "Linz",
      "country": "AT",
      "email": "f.puehringer@sesiidae.net",
      "note": "Sesiidae",
      "name": "Pühringer F.",
      "address": "Linz, Austria",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6512-0730",
      "organisation": "Oberösterreichisches Landesmuseum"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3940-3734",
      "given": "Hossein",
      "family": "Rajaei",
      "rorid": "05k35b119",
      "department": "Entomology",
      "city": "Stuttgart",
      "state": "Baden-Württemberg",
      "country": "DE",
      "email": "hossein.rajaei@smns-bw.de",
      "url": "http://www.naturkundemuseum-bw.de/",
      "note": "Geometridae",
      "name": "Rajaei H.",
      "address": "Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3940-3734",
      "organisation": "Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2620-6464",
      "given": "Nivohenintsoa",
      "family": "Rakotonirina",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Rakotonirina N.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-6464"
    },
    {
      "given": "Gustavo",
      "family": "Ramos",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Ramos G."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3714-8231",
      "given": "Juliana",
      "family": "Rando",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Rando J.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3714-8231"
    },
    {
      "given": "Fabiana",
      "family": "Ranzato Filardi",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Ranzato Filardi F."
    },
    {
      "given": "Lauren",
      "family": "Raz",
      "city": "Bogotá",
      "country": "CO",
      "note": "Global Team, Taxonomy Group",
      "name": "Raz L.",
      "address": "Bogotá, Colombia",
      "organisation": "National University of Colombia"
    },
    {
      "given": "Geoffrey",
      "family": "Read",
      "email": "Geoffrey.Read@niwa.co.nz",
      "note": "WoRMS Polychaeta",
      "name": "Read G."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1887-5211",
      "given": "Tony",
      "family": "Rees",
      "note": "compiler; IRMNG; Taxonomy Group",
      "name": "Rees T.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1887-5211"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3837-3497",
      "given": "Mike",
      "family": "Reich",
      "email": "mike.reich@lmu.de",
      "note": "WoRMS Holothuroidea",
      "name": "Reich M.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3837-3497"
    },
    {
      "given": "James Davis",
      "family": "Reimer",
      "email": "jreimer@sci.u-ryukyu.ac.jp",
      "note": "WoRMS Zoantharia",
      "name": "Reimer J. D."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9976-358X",
      "given": "Jan Ove",
      "family": "Rein",
      "department": "Medicine and Health Library",
      "city": "Trondheim",
      "country": "NO",
      "email": "jan.rein@ub.ntnu.no",
      "note": "The Scorpion Files",
      "name": "Rein J. O.",
      "address": "Trondheim, Norway",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-358X",
      "organisation": "Norwegian University of Science & Technology"
    },
    {
      "given": "John",
      "family": "Reynolds",
      "email": "info@marinespecies.org",
      "note": "WoRMS Oligochaeta",
      "name": "Reynolds J."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5499-7913",
      "given": "Judy",
      "family": "Rincón",
      "rorid": "03cqe8w59",
      "department": "Entomology Division, Museo de La Plata",
      "city": "La Plata",
      "state": "Buenos Aires",
      "country": "AR",
      "email": "j.andrearincon@gmail.com",
      "note": "Entiminae",
      "name": "Rincón J.",
      "address": "La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5499-7913",
      "organisation": "Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2195-6605",
      "given": "Marc",
      "family": "Rius",
      "email": "mrius@ceab.csic.es",
      "note": "WoRMS Ascidiacea",
      "name": "Rius M.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2195-6605"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6215-3617",
      "given": "Tim",
      "family": "Robertson",
      "city": "Copenhagen",
      "country": "DK",
      "note": "Information Systems Group",
      "name": "Robertson T.",
      "address": "Copenhagen, Denmark",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-3617",
      "organisation": "GBIF"
    },
    {
      "given": "Gaden",
      "family": "Robinson",
      "rorid": "039zvsn29",
      "city": "London",
      "country": "GB",
      "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/",
      "note": "GLI",
      "name": "Robinson G.",
      "address": "London, United Kingdom",
      "organisation": "Natural History Museum"
    },
    {
      "given": "Gaden S (†)",
      "family": "Robinson",
      "note": "Tineidae NHM",
      "name": "Robinson G. S"
    },
    {
      "given": "Estefania",
      "family": "Rodríguez",
      "email": "erodriguez@amnh.org",
      "note": "WoRMS Actiniaria",
      "name": "Rodríguez E."
    },
    {
      "given": "Michael",
      "family": "Ruggiero",
      "city": "Washington, D.C.",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "Taxonomy Group",
      "name": "Ruggiero M.",
      "address": "Washington, D.C., United States of America",
      "organisation": "Smithsonian Institution"
    },
    {
      "given": "Pilar",
      "family": "Ríos",
      "email": "pilar.rios.lopez@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Porifera",
      "name": "Ríos P."
    },
    {
      "given": "Klaus",
      "family": "Rützler",
      "email": "RUETZLER@si.edu",
      "note": "WoRMS Porifera",
      "name": "Rützler K."
    },
    {
      "given": "A.",
      "family": "Sanborn",
      "note": "3i Auchenorrhyncha",
      "name": "Sanborn A."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7748-5363",
      "given": "Munivenkatappa",
      "family": "Sanjappa",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Sanjappa M.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7748-5363"
    },
    {
      "given": "Stéfhanne Guimarães",
      "family": "Santos",
      "email": "stefhanne.guimaraes@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Ostracoda",
      "name": "Santos S. G."
    },
    {
      "given": "Arnoldo",
      "family": "Santos-Guerra",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Santos-Guerra A."
    },
    {
      "given": "M.",
      "family": "Sartori",
      "note": "FADA Ephemeroptera",
      "name": "Sartori M."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0085-5960",
      "given": "Klaus",
      "family": "Sattler",
      "rorid": "039zvsn29",
      "city": "London",
      "country": "GB",
      "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/",
      "note": "Gelechiidae",
      "name": "Sattler K.",
      "address": "London, United Kingdom",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0085-5960",
      "organisation": "Natural History Museum"
    },
    {
      "given": "Bernd",
      "family": "Schierwater",
      "email": "bernado@trichoplax.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Placozoa",
      "name": "Schierwater B."
    },
    {
      "given": "Steve",
      "family": "Schilling",
      "note": "WoRMS Turbellarians",
      "name": "Schilling S."
    },
    {
      "given": "Rowan",
      "family": "Schley",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Schley R."
    },
    {
      "given": "C.",
      "family": "Schmid-Egger",
      "note": "HymIS Crabronidae & Rhopalosomatidae; HymIS Pompilidae",
      "name": "Schmid-Egger C."
    },
    {
      "given": "A.",
      "family": "Schmidt-Rhaesa",
      "note": "FADA Nematomorpha",
      "name": "Schmidt-Rhaesa A."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0721-6002",
      "given": "Paul",
      "family": "Schoolmeesters",
      "note": "Scarabs",
      "name": "Schoolmeesters P.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0721-6002",
      "organisation": "Schoolmeesters P."
    },
    {
      "given": "Martin",
      "family": "Schorr",
      "country": "DE",
      "email": "bierschorr1@online.de",
      "note": "WOL",
      "name": "Schorr M.",
      "address": "Germany"
    },
    {
      "given": "Brian",
      "family": "Schrire",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Schrire B."
    },
    {
      "given": "Peter",
      "family": "Schuchert",
      "email": "info@marinespecies.org",
      "note": "WoRMS Hydrozoa",
      "name": "Schuchert P."
    },
    {
      "given": "R.T.",
      "family": "Schuh",
      "note": "PBI Plant Bug",
      "name": "Schuh R.T."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6286-8196",
      "given": "Christine",
      "family": "Schönberg",
      "email": "cschoenberg@mail.nsysu.edu.tw",
      "note": "WoRMS Porifera",
      "name": "Schönberg C.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6286-8196"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1850-8158",
      "given": "Rodrigo",
      "family": "Schütz Rodrigues",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Schütz Rodrigues R.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1850-8158"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0458-3755",
      "given": "Malcolm",
      "family": "Scoble",
      "rorid": "039zvsn29",
      "department": "Science Group",
      "city": "London",
      "country": "GB",
      "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/",
      "note": "GLI; Geometridae",
      "name": "Scoble M.",
      "address": "London, United Kingdom",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0458-3755",
      "organisation": "Natural History Museum"
    },
    {
      "given": "H.",
      "family": "Segers",
      "note": "FADA Rotifera",
      "name": "Segers H."
    },
    {
      "given": "Guillermo",
      "family": "Seijo",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Seijo G."
    },
    {
      "given": "Elidiene Priscila",
      "family": "Seleme",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Seleme E. P."
    },
    {
      "given": "André",
      "family": "Senna",
      "email": "senna.carcinologia@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Senna A."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9132-5537",
      "given": "Cristiana",
      "family": "Serejo",
      "email": "csserejo@acd.ufrj.br",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Serejo C.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9132-5537"
    },
    {
      "given": "A.",
      "family": "Sforzi",
      "note": "Brentids",
      "name": "Sforzi A."
    },
    {
      "given": "Noa",
      "family": "Shenkar",
      "email": "noa.shenkar@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Ascidiacea",
      "name": "Shenkar N."
    },
    {
      "given": "Volker",
      "family": "Siegel",
      "note": "WoRMS Euphausiacea",
      "name": "Siegel V."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2592-1298",
      "given": "Petra",
      "family": "Sierwald",
      "email": "psierwald@fieldmuseum.org",
      "note": "WoRMS Myriapoda",
      "name": "Sierwald P.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2592-1298"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2237-9325",
      "given": "Pasi",
      "family": "Sihvonen",
      "rorid": "03tcx6c30",
      "department": "Finnish Museum of Natural History",
      "city": "Helsinki",
      "country": "FI",
      "url": "https://www.luomus.fi/",
      "note": "Geometridae",
      "name": "Sihvonen P.",
      "address": "Helsinki, Finland",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-9325",
      "organisation": "University of Helsinki"
    },
    {
      "given": "Andréia",
      "family": "Silva Flores",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Silva Flores A."
    },
    {
      "given": "Catarina",
      "family": "Silva de Carvalho",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Silva de Carvalho C."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5732-1716",
      "given": "Marcelo Fragomeni",
      "family": "Simon",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Simon M. F.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5732-1716"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9857-9564",
      "given": "Thomas",
      "family": "Simonsen",
      "rorid": "039zvsn29",
      "city": "London",
      "country": "GB",
      "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/",
      "note": "GLI",
      "name": "Simonsen T.",
      "address": "London, United Kingdom",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9857-9564",
      "organisation": "Natural History Museum"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4579-7370",
      "given": "Charles E.",
      "family": "Simpson",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Simpson C. E.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4579-7370"
    },
    {
      "given": "Frederic",
      "family": "Sinniger",
      "email": "fredsinniger@hotmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Zoantharia",
      "name": "Sinniger F."
    },
    {
      "given": "Yotsawate",
      "family": "Sirichamorn",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Sirichamorn Y."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7102-3934",
      "given": "Michael",
      "family": "Skvarla",
      "department": "Department of Entomology",
      "city": "University Park",
      "state": "Pennsylvania",
      "country": "US",
      "email": "mxs1578@psu.edu",
      "note": "CunaxidBase",
      "name": "Skvarla M.",
      "address": "University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-3934",
      "organisation": "Pennsylvania State University"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1286-950X",
      "given": "Aaron D.",
      "family": "Smith",
      "city": "Flagstaff",
      "state": "AZ",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "Sepidiini tribe",
      "name": "Smith A. D.",
      "address": "Flagstaff, AZ, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-950X",
      "organisation": "Nortern Arizona University"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5297-7452",
      "given": "Vincent S",
      "family": "Smith",
      "rorid": "039zvsn29",
      "city": "London",
      "country": "GB",
      "note": "Author; SF Psocodea",
      "name": "Smith V. S",
      "address": "London, United Kingdom",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5297-7452",
      "organisation": "The Natural History Museum"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5081-2803",
      "given": "Danilo",
      "family": "Soares Gissi",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Soares Gissi D.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5081-2803"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6314-9767",
      "given": "Dmitry",
      "family": "Sokoloff",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Sokoloff D.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6314-9767"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6196-6197",
      "given": "Solange",
      "family": "Sotuyo",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Sotuyo S.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6196-6197"
    },
    {
      "given": "A.",
      "family": "Soulier-Perkins",
      "note": "COOL",
      "name": "Soulier-Perkins A."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7894-7219",
      "given": "Eric J.",
      "family": "South",
      "rorid": "03c4kec23",
      "city": "Batesville",
      "state": "AR",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "SF Isoptera",
      "name": "South E. J.",
      "address": "Batesville, AR, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7894-7219",
      "organisation": "Lyon College"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5248-2134",
      "given": "Jesser F.",
      "family": "Souza-Filho",
      "email": "jesser_fidelis@yahoo.com.br",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Souza-Filho J. F.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5248-2134"
    },
    {
      "given": "Lauren",
      "family": "Spearman",
      "rorid": "05vt9qd57",
      "department": "Department of Ecology and Evolution",
      "city": "New Brunswick",
      "state": "NJ",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "SF Mantodea",
      "name": "Spearman L.",
      "address": "New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America",
      "organisation": "Rutgers University"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8596-1289",
      "given": "Jörg",
      "family": "Spelda",
      "email": "spelda@myriapoden-info.de",
      "note": "WoRMS Myriapoda",
      "name": "Spelda J.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8596-1289"
    },
    {
      "given": "A.",
      "family": "Steiner",
      "note": "GloBIS (GART)",
      "name": "Steiner A."
    },
    {
      "given": "Torben",
      "family": "Stemme",
      "note": "WoRMS Remipedia",
      "name": "Stemme T."
    },
    {
      "given": "Wolfgang",
      "family": "Sterrer",
      "email": "westerrer@gov.bm",
      "note": "WoRMS Gnathostomulida",
      "name": "Sterrer W."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2986-7076",
      "given": "Dennis",
      "family": "Stevenson",
      "city": "New York",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "The World List of Cycads",
      "name": "Stevenson D.",
      "address": "New York, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2986-7076",
      "organisation": "New York Botanical Garden"
    },
    {
      "given": "Martin B D",
      "family": "Stiewe",
      "rorid": "039zvsn29",
      "city": "London",
      "country": "GB",
      "note": "SF Mantodea",
      "name": "Stiewe M. B D",
      "address": "London, United Kingdom",
      "organisation": "The Natural History Museum"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7207-2765",
      "given": "Charles H.",
      "family": "Stirton",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Stirton C. H.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7207-2765"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8144-9592",
      "given": "Malin",
      "family": "Strand",
      "email": "Malin.Strand@slu.se",
      "note": "WoRMS Nemertea",
      "name": "Strand M.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8144-9592"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7506-9043",
      "given": "Shannon",
      "family": "Straub",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Straub S.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7506-9043"
    },
    {
      "given": "G",
      "family": "Stueber",
      "rorid": "02rbfnr22",
      "city": "Munich",
      "country": "DE",
      "note": "Author; SF Plecoptera",
      "name": "Stueber G",
      "address": "Munich, Germany",
      "organisation": "Max Planck Institute"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2586-7239",
      "given": "Sabine",
      "family": "Stöhr",
      "email": "sabine.stohr@nrm.se",
      "note": "WoRMS Ophiuroidea",
      "name": "Stöhr S.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2586-7239"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0400-6875",
      "given": "Shweta",
      "family": "Subramaniam",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Subramaniam S.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0400-6875"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4200-2544",
      "given": "Billie",
      "family": "Swalla",
      "email": "bjswalla@u.washington.edu",
      "note": "WoRMS Ascidiacea",
      "name": "Swalla B.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4200-2544"
    },
    {
      "given": "Jacek",
      "family": "Swedo",
      "country": "PL",
      "note": "Taxonomy Group",
      "name": "Swedo J.",
      "address": "Poland",
      "organisation": "University of Gdansk"
    },
    {
      "given": "M.",
      "family": "Sánchez-Ruiz",
      "note": "WTaxa",
      "name": "Sánchez-Ruiz M."
    },
    {
      "given": "Martin Vinther",
      "family": "Sørensen",
      "note": "WoRMS Loricifera",
      "name": "Sørensen M. V."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4909-6037",
      "given": "Stefano",
      "family": "Taiti",
      "email": "stefano.taiti@cnr.it",
      "note": "WoRMS Isopoda",
      "name": "Taiti S.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-6037"
    },
    {
      "given": "D.M.",
      "family": "Takiya",
      "note": "3i Auchenorrhyncha",
      "name": "Takiya D.M."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3470-587X",
      "given": "Anne Helene",
      "family": "Tandberg",
      "email": "Anne.Helene.Tandberg@uib.no",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Tandberg A. H.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3470-587X"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3310-1903",
      "given": "Gerard",
      "family": "Tavakilian",
      "city": "Paris",
      "country": "FR",
      "email": "gerard.tavakilian@mnhn.fr",
      "note": "TITAN",
      "name": "Tavakilian G.",
      "address": "Paris, France",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3310-1903",
      "organisation": "Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)"
    },
    {
      "given": "Kristian",
      "family": "Taylor",
      "email": "ktaylor@ut.edu",
      "note": "WoRMS Crinoidea",
      "name": "Taylor K."
    },
    {
      "given": "A.",
      "family": "Thessen",
      "note": "Gymnodinium",
      "name": "Thessen A."
    },
    {
      "given": "James Darwin",
      "family": "Thomas",
      "email": "info@marinespecies.org",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Thomas J. D."
    },
    {
      "given": "Phillip",
      "family": "Thomas",
      "country": "GB",
      "email": "PThomas@rbge.org.uk",
      "url": "https://www.rbge.org.uk/",
      "note": "WFO Pinopsida",
      "name": "Thomas P.",
      "address": "United Kingdom",
      "organisation": "Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh"
    },
    {
      "family": "ThripsWiki",
      "note": "ThripsWiki",
      "name": "ThripsWiki"
    },
    {
      "given": "Erik",
      "family": "Thuesen",
      "email": "thuesene@evergreen.edu",
      "note": "WoRMS Chaetognatha",
      "name": "Thuesen E."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5970-8343",
      "given": "Mats",
      "family": "Thulin",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Thulin M.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5970-8343"
    },
    {
      "given": "Mike",
      "family": "Thurston",
      "email": "mhth@noc.ac.uk",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Thurston M."
    },
    {
      "given": "Ben",
      "family": "Thuy",
      "email": "nebyuht@yahoo.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Ophiuroidea",
      "name": "Thuy B."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6353-7281",
      "given": "Antonio",
      "family": "Todaro",
      "email": "antonio.todaro@unimore.it",
      "note": "WoRMS Gastrotricha",
      "name": "Todaro A.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6353-7281"
    },
    {
      "given": "Benjamin M.",
      "family": "Torke",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Torke B. M."
    },
    {
      "given": "M.",
      "family": "Turiault",
      "note": "GloBIS (GART)",
      "name": "Turiault M."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6031-1335",
      "given": "John R.G.",
      "family": "Turner",
      "rorid": "024mrxd33",
      "department": "School of Biology",
      "city": "Leeds",
      "state": "England",
      "country": "GB",
      "email": "j.r.g.turner@leeds.ac.uk",
      "note": "Hepialidae",
      "name": "Turner J. R.G.",
      "address": "Leeds, England, United Kingdom",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6031-1335",
      "organisation": "University of Leeds"
    },
    {
      "given": "Thomas",
      "family": "Turner",
      "email": "tlturner@ucsb.edu",
      "note": "WoRMS Porifera",
      "name": "Turner T."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9229-5541",
      "given": "Xavier",
      "family": "Turon",
      "email": "xturon@ceab.csic.es",
      "note": "WoRMS Ascidiacea",
      "name": "Turon X.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9229-5541"
    },
    {
      "given": "Seth",
      "family": "Tyler",
      "email": "styler@maine.edu",
      "note": "WoRMS Turbellarians",
      "name": "Tyler S."
    },
    {
      "family": "UCD Community",
      "note": "UCD",
      "name": "UCD Community"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6194-4927",
      "given": "Peter",
      "family": "Uetz",
      "city": "Richmond",
      "state": "VA",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "ReptileDB",
      "name": "Uetz P.",
      "address": "Richmond, VA, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6194-4927",
      "organisation": "Virginia Commonwealth University"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9185-6378",
      "given": "Jonah M.",
      "family": "Ulmer",
      "state": "PA",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "Sepidiini tribe",
      "name": "Ulmer J. M.",
      "address": "PA, United States of America",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-6378",
      "organisation": "Pennsylvania State University"
    },
    {
      "given": "Jean",
      "family": "Vacelet",
      "email": "info@marinespecies.org",
      "note": "WoRMS Porifera",
      "name": "Vacelet J."
    },
    {
      "given": "Daniel",
      "family": "Vachard",
      "email": "daniel.vachard@free.fr",
      "note": "WoRMS Foraminifera",
      "name": "Vachard D."
    },
    {
      "given": "Wim",
      "family": "Vader",
      "email": "info@marinespecies.org",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Vader W."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0009-0005-8932-6641",
      "given": "Georgina",
      "family": "Valls Domedel",
      "email": "gevado@noc.ac.uk",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Valls Domedel G.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8932-6641"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2712-3433",
      "given": "Xander",
      "family": "Van der Burgt",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Van der Burgt X.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2712-3433"
    },
    {
      "given": "Bart",
      "family": "Vanhoorne",
      "city": "Oostende",
      "country": "BE",
      "note": "Information Systems Group",
      "name": "Vanhoorne B.",
      "address": "Oostende, Belgium",
      "organisation": "Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee (VLIZ)"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9644-0566",
      "given": "Mohammad",
      "family": "Vatanparast",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Vatanparast M.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9644-0566"
    },
    {
      "given": "Tristan",
      "family": "Verhoeff",
      "email": "tristan.verhoeff@utas.edu.au",
      "note": "WoRMS Brachiopoda",
      "name": "Verhoeff T."
    },
    {
      "given": "Ronald",
      "family": "Vonk",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Vonk R."
    },
    {
      "given": "Risto",
      "family": "Väinölä",
      "email": "risto.vainola@helsinki.fi",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Väinölä R."
    },
    {
      "given": "Genefor",
      "family": "Walker-Smith",
      "email": "gwalker@museum.vic.gov.au",
      "note": "WoRMS Leptostraca",
      "name": "Walker-Smith G."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2368-9408",
      "given": "T. Chad",
      "family": "Walter",
      "email": "walterc@si.edu",
      "note": "WoRMS Copepoda",
      "name": "Walter T. C.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2368-9408"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7775-5300",
      "given": "Nina",
      "family": "Wambiji",
      "city": "Mombasa",
      "country": "KE",
      "note": "Global Team",
      "name": "Wambiji N.",
      "address": "Mombasa, Kenya",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7775-5300",
      "organisation": "Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5390-8993",
      "given": "Dominic",
      "family": "Wanke",
      "rorid": "05k35b119",
      "department": "Entomology",
      "city": "Stuttgart",
      "state": "Baden-Württemberg",
      "country": "DE",
      "email": "dominic.wanke@smns-bw.de",
      "url": "http://www.naturkundemuseum-bw.de/",
      "note": "Geometridae",
      "name": "Wanke D.",
      "address": "Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5390-8993",
      "organisation": "Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6901-1168",
      "given": "Les",
      "family": "Watling",
      "email": "watling@maine.edu",
      "note": "WoRMS Cumacea",
      "name": "Watling L.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6901-1168"
    },
    {
      "given": "Haylee",
      "family": "Weaver",
      "department": "Department of the Environment",
      "city": "Canberra",
      "country": "AU",
      "note": "Global Team",
      "name": "Weaver H.",
      "address": "Canberra, Australia",
      "organisation": "Australian Government"
    },
    {
      "given": "J.",
      "family": "Webb",
      "note": "FADA Ephemeroptera",
      "name": "Webb J."
    },
    {
      "given": "W.C.",
      "family": "Welbourn",
      "note": "Mites GSD Tenuipalpidae",
      "name": "Welbourn W.C."
    },
    {
      "given": "Christopher",
      "family": "Whipps",
      "email": "cwhipps@esf.edu",
      "note": "WoRMS Myxozoa",
      "name": "Whipps C."
    },
    {
      "given": "Kristine",
      "family": "White",
      "email": "white.kristinen@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "White K."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4029-5387",
      "given": "Nicholas",
      "family": "Wilding",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Wilding N.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4029-5387"
    },
    {
      "given": "Gary",
      "family": "Williams",
      "email": "gwilliams@calacademy.org",
      "note": "WoRMS Octocorallia",
      "name": "Williams G."
    },
    {
      "given": "Annette J.G.",
      "family": "Wilson",
      "country": "AU",
      "note": "WWW; WWW",
      "name": "Wilson A. J.G.",
      "address": "Australia"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8634-8790",
      "given": "Peter",
      "family": "Wing",
      "rorid": "039zvsn29",
      "city": "London",
      "country": "GB",
      "url": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/",
      "note": "GLI",
      "name": "Wing P.",
      "address": "London, United Kingdom",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8634-8790",
      "organisation": "Natural History Museum"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3939-9296",
      "given": "Sophie",
      "family": "Winitsky",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Winitsky S.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3939-9296"
    },
    {
      "given": "Christopher C.",
      "family": "Wirth",
      "city": "Flagstaff",
      "state": "AZ",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "Sepidiini tribe",
      "name": "Wirth C. C.",
      "address": "Flagstaff, AZ, United States of America",
      "organisation": "Nortern Arizona University"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0682-9034",
      "given": "Martin",
      "family": "Wojciechowski",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Wojciechowski M.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0682-9034"
    },
    {
      "given": "Simon",
      "family": "Woodman",
      "country": "AU",
      "note": "WWW",
      "name": "Woodman S.",
      "address": "Australia"
    },
    {
      "family": "World Spider Catalog",
      "note": "WSC",
      "name": "World Spider Catalog"
    },
    {
      "given": "Joana",
      "family": "Xavier",
      "email": "joanarxavier@gmail.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Porifera",
      "name": "Xavier J."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7093-9564",
      "given": "Tingshuang",
      "family": "Yi",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Yi T.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7093-9564"
    },
    {
      "given": "Mathew",
      "family": "Yoder",
      "city": "Champaign",
      "state": "IL",
      "country": "US",
      "note": "TaxonWorks liaison",
      "name": "Yoder M.",
      "address": "Champaign, IL, United States of America",
      "organisation": "Illinois Natural History Survey"
    },
    {
      "given": "Dicky Sick Ki",
      "family": "Yu",
      "email": "dickyyu@gmail.com",
      "note": "Taxapad Ichneumonoidea",
      "name": "Yu D. S. K.",
      "organisation": "Taxapad project"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0824-7804",
      "given": "Nikolai",
      "family": "Yunakov",
      "rorid": "01xtthb56",
      "department": "Natural History Museum, Zoology",
      "city": "Oslo",
      "country": "NO",
      "email": "n.yunakov@gmail.com",
      "note": "Entiminae",
      "name": "Yunakov N.",
      "address": "Oslo, Norway",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0824-7804",
      "organisation": "University of Oslo"
    },
    {
      "given": "J.",
      "family": "Zahniser",
      "note": "3i Auchenorrhyncha",
      "name": "Zahniser J."
    },
    {
      "given": "Wolfgang",
      "family": "Zeidler",
      "email": "wolfgang.zeidler@samuseum.sa.gov.au",
      "note": "WoRMS Amphipoda",
      "name": "Zeidler W."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4528-1382",
      "given": "Rong",
      "family": "Zhang",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Zhang R.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4528-1382"
    },
    {
      "given": "Z.Q.",
      "family": "Zhang",
      "note": "Animal Biodiversity",
      "name": "Zhang Z.Q."
    },
    {
      "given": "F.",
      "family": "Zinetti",
      "note": "Brentids",
      "name": "Zinetti F."
    },
    {
      "given": "Jean-Loup",
      "family": "d'Hondt",
      "email": "dhondt@mnhn.fr",
      "note": "WoRMS Gastrotricha",
      "name": "d'Hondt J.-L."
    },
    {
      "given": "G.J.",
      "family": "de Moraes",
      "note": "Mites GSD Phytoseiidae; Mites GSD Tenuipalpidae",
      "name": "de Moraes G.J."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3555-3564",
      "given": "Ana Beatriz Ramos",
      "family": "de Oliveira",
      "department": "Biofísica",
      "city": "Rio de Janeiro",
      "state": "RJ",
      "country": "BR",
      "email": "anabeatrizramosdeoliveira@gmail.com",
      "note": "WCO",
      "name": "de Oliveira A. B. R.",
      "address": "Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3555-3564",
      "organisation": "Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ)"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7985-5604",
      "given": "Nicole",
      "family": "de Voogd",
      "email": "nicole.devoogd@naturalis.nl",
      "note": "WoRMS Porifera",
      "name": "de Voogd N.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7985-5604"
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9865-6099",
      "given": "M. Guadalupe",
      "family": "del Río",
      "rorid": "03cqe8w59",
      "department": "Entomology Division, Museo de La Plata",
      "city": "La Plata",
      "state": "Buenos Aires",
      "country": "AR",
      "email": "gdelrio@fcnym.unlp.edu.ar",
      "url": "www.researchgate.net/profile/Maria-Del-Rio-3",
      "note": "Entiminae",
      "name": "del Río M. G.",
      "address": "La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9865-6099",
      "organisation": "Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, National University of La Plata"
    },
    {
      "given": "Ton",
      "family": "van Haaren",
      "email": "tonvanhaaren@eurofins.com",
      "note": "WoRMS Oligochaeta",
      "name": "van Haaren T."
    },
    {
      "given": "E.J.",
      "family": "van Nieukerken",
      "note": "Nepticuloidea",
      "name": "van Nieukerken E.J."
    },
    {
      "given": "Leen",
      "family": "van Ofwegen",
      "note": "WoRMS Octocorallia",
      "name": "van Ofwegen L."
    },
    {
      "given": "Rob",
      "family": "van Soest",
      "email": "Rob.vanSoest@naturalis.nl",
      "note": "WoRMS Porifera; WoRMS Thaliacea",
      "name": "van Soest R."
    },
    {
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2206-3745",
      "given": "Ozan",
      "family": "Şentürk",
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Şentürk O.",
      "orcidAsUrl": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2206-3745"
    },
    {
      "note": "ITIS",
      "name": "ITIS",
      "organisation": "ITIS"
    },
    {
      "note": "ICTV MSL",
      "name": "International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)",
      "organisation": "International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)"
    },
    {
      "note": "WCVP-Fabaceae",
      "name": "Legume Phylogeny Working Group (LPWG)",
      "organisation": "Legume Phylogeny Working Group (LPWG)"
    },
    {
      "note": "PaleoBioDB",
      "name": "Paleobiology Database contributors",
      "organisation": "Paleobiology Database contributors"
    },
    {
      "email": "taxwg@worldfloraonline.org",
      "url": "http://www.worldfloraonline.org",
      "note": "WFO Pinopsida",
      "name": "World Flora Online",
      "organisation": "World Flora Online"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": {
    "city": "Amsterdam",
    "country": "NL",
    "name": "Catalogue of Life",
    "address": "Amsterdam, Netherlands",
    "organisation": "Catalogue of Life"
  },
  "geographicScope": "Global",
  "taxonomicScope": "Biota",
  "confidence": 4,
  "completeness": 80,
  "license": "cc by",
  "url": "https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/296511",
  "notes": "Created by ProjectRelease#243 b7bb1f78-efe1-4fea-b4c4-ad20586b6a6f.",
  "label": "Catalogue of Life Checklist (2024-05-20)",
  "citation": "<div class=\"csl-entry\">B&aacute;nki, O., Roskov, Y., D&ouml;ring, M., Ower, G., Hern&aacute;ndez Robles, D. R., Plata Corredor, C. A., Stjernegaard Jeppesen, T., &Ouml;rn, A., Vandepitte, L., Hobern, D., Schalk, P., DeWalt, R. E., Ma, K., Miller, J., Orrell, T., Aalbu, R., Abbott, J., Adlard, R., Aedo, C., et al. (2024). <span style=\"font-style: italic\">Catalogue of Life Checklist</span> (Version 2024-05-20). Catalogue of Life, Amsterdam, Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.48580/dg6lk</div>",
  "private": false
}

[jhpoelen]

Checklist Bank appears to be using an implicit naming convention (not mentioned in the dataset record for some reason) for retrieving (DwC) archives via https://api.checklistbank.org/dataset/[dataset id/key]/archive.zip

However, this archive does not appear to be made available for Catalogue of Life associated with dataset id/key 296511 at https://api.checklistbank.org/dataset/296511/archive.zip as captured in the provenance log below. Note that the phrase <https://api.checklistbank.org/dataset/296511/archive.zip> <http://purl.org/pav/hasVersion> <https://deeplinker.bio/.well-known/genid/43482571-a60a-3090-b434-15aa889f45b2> means that no content was associated with the url through a download activity.

<hash://sha256/4f22e35c31ac17c72aec7aed44529578bb7f4c5012f08769486cbb5e1f0149ce> <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadMember> <https://api.checklistbank.org/dataset/296511> <urn:uuid:482dafe4-a71d-4f8d-a0b5-8be40590cb20> .
<https://api.checklistbank.org/dataset/296511> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#seeAlso> <https://doi.org/10.48580/dg6lk> <urn:uuid:482dafe4-a71d-4f8d-a0b5-8be40590cb20> .
<https://api.checklistbank.org/dataset/296511> <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadMember> <https://api.checklistbank.org/dataset/296511/archive.zip> <urn:uuid:482dafe4-a71d-4f8d-a0b5-8be40590cb20> .
<https://api.checklistbank.org/dataset/296511/archive.zip> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/format> "application/zip" <urn:uuid:482dafe4-a71d-4f8d-a0b5-8be40590cb20> .
<urn:uuid:6cf78b1e-3479-4808-bbc6-e39d5c0e18f4> <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#used> <https://api.checklistbank.org/dataset/296511/archive.zip> <urn:uuid:6cf78b1e-3479-4808-bbc6-e39d5c0e18f4> .
<https://api.checklistbank.org/dataset/296511/archive.zip> <http://purl.org/pav/hasVersion> <https://deeplinker.bio/.well-known/genid/43482571-a60a-3090-b434-15aa889f45b2> <urn:uuid:6cf78b1e-3479-4808-bbc6-e39d5c0e18f4> .

Note that other datasets do have data associated with them (e.g., checklist dataset with id/key 1005 was found to be associated with content accessed through https://api.checklistbank.org/dataset/1005/archive.zip . See also attached a5297fc8ae05a3136b440450dab495c2382c9de8f2ce3dc36d5c7cd1a165cc01.zip.

<https://api.checklistbank.org/dataset/1005/archive.zip> <http://purl.org/pav/hasVersion> <hash://sha256/a5297fc8ae05a3136b440450dab495c2382c9de8f2ce3dc36d5c7cd1a165cc01> <urn:uuid:d3053f65-d6a2-409e-9797-bcfe78d44b48> .

In other words, for some reason, checklistbank does not make Catalogue of Life 24.5 archive available for some reason, even though a doi (i.e., 10.48580/dg6lk) was made available to represent this dataset. I wonder whether this is intentional or not.

PS Apologies for the lengthy analysis to uncover an authoritative taxonomic resource that appears to indicate that data archives offered at one time will no longer be available the next.

[mdoering]

The CLB /dataset/{key}/archive resource is returning the exact original archives as ingested (down-/uloaded), not exported ones like we produce for COL releases. There was an exception during out last release that prevented the old DOI to switch the URL they are pointing to. I am updating them as I type, but it'll take a while as DataCite APIs are slow.

[jhpoelen]

With this, I am unable to determine the provenance of the data you used @KatjaSchulz to generate the useful (!) examples of the names with -orum/-i suffices.

And, it leaves me wonder - what is Catalogue of Life's policy on data archiving and provenance. Luckily, the copy of Catalogue of Life used by Nomer has been archived as part of Nomer's Corpus of Taxonomic Resources [1] so their associated content and their provenance is documented and openly available.

E.g., A query in the provenance logs of [1] reveals a recent copy of the Catalogue of Life was accessed via https://download.catalogueoflife.org/col/latest_coldp.zip with content id hash://sha256/d512d769a3e68b6f3be523b97f9f3c05b10d317607f95cb24ddcda27bded03e1 .

preston ls\
 --remote https://linker.bio,https://zenodo.org\
 --anchor hash://md5/8df50c05e1801b526c6cf43535b9ab0b\
 | grep "https://download.catalogueoflife.org/col/latest_coldp.zip" 

<urn:uuid:f00d82a2-d965-4b1d-9030-0a2f8833e004> <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#used> <https://download.catalogueoflife.org/col/latest_coldp.zip> <urn:uuid:f00d82a2-d965-4b1d-9030-0a2f8833e004> .
<https://download.catalogueoflife.org/col/latest_coldp.zip> <http://purl.org/pav/hasVersion> <hash://sha256/d512d769a3e68b6f3be523b97f9f3c05b10d317607f95cb24ddcda27bded03e1> <urn:uuid:f00d82a2-d965-4b1d-9030-0a2f8833e004> .

The metadata.yaml file embedded in this content indicated that the version of the Catalogue of Life that Nomer is using is:

curl 'https://linker.bio/zip:hash://sha256/d512d769a3e68b6f3be523b97f9f3c05b10d317607f95cb24ddcda27bded03e1!/metadata.yaml'\
 | head 

---
key: 9923
doi: 10.48580/dft7
title: Catalogue of Life Checklist
alias: COL23.8
description: |-
  The Catalogue of Life is an assembly of expert-based global species checklists with the aim to build a comprehensive catalogue of all known species of organisms on Earth. Continuous progress is made towards completion, but for now, it probably includes just over 80% of the world's known species. The Catalogue of Life estimates 2.3M extant species on the planet recognised by taxonomists at present time. This means that for many groups it continues to be deficient, and users may notice that many species are still missing from the Catalogue.

  ### What's new in August 2023 edition ?

[1] Poelen, J. H. (ed . ) . (2024). Nomer Corpus of Taxonomic Resources hash://sha256/b959e969ddf4114bd590ec1cdcf7ec572076bd46e2e28e2fee038a3f6d41b9fd hash://md5/8df50c05e1801b526c6cf43535b9ab0b [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12536844

[jhpoelen]

The CLB /dataset/{key}/archive resource is returning the exact original archives as ingested (down-/uloaded), not exported ones like we produce for COL releases. There was an exception during out last release that prevented the old DOI to switch the URL they are pointing to. I am updating them as I type, but it'll take a while as DataCite APIs are slow.

Thanks for responding @mdoering . Do you have any tips on how to better resolve the content associated with a dataset included in the Checklistbank?

[mdoering]

@jhpoelen this thread is way too long for me to read I am afraid. COL archives can be accessed here: https://download.checklistbank.org/col/monthly/

and for the older annual versions here: https://download.checklistbank.org/col/annual/

the archive resource you used works fine for datasets of origin EXTERNAL, which are 99% of all checklistbank datasets. For RELEASE or PROJECT datasets you'd need to use a CLB prepared download such as the ones offered by COL above or through the async export API of CLB.

[jhpoelen]

@jhpoelen this thread is way too long for me to read I am afraid.

Yes, I agree that this issue thread is getting a little out of hand. Lots of details needed to trace the provenance of a COL archive apparently. . . I wish less would be needed to track down these datasets. For instance, including an access url along with a content id (e.g., md5 hash, sha256 hash) make the relation between the dataset metadata and their data products easier to describe, at least for me.

COL archives can be accessed here: https://download.checklistbank.org/col/monthly/

and for the older annual versions here: https://download.checklistbank.org/col/annual/

the archive resource you used works fine for datasets of origin EXTERNAL, which are 99% of all checklistbank datasets. For RELEASE or PROJECT datasets you'd need to use a CLB prepared download such as the ones offered by COL above or through the async export API of CLB.

@mdoering - thanks for pointing out that RELEASE or PROJECT datasets do not use the archive.zip convention, but use some other way to expose their data. Other than the embedded metadata (e.g., https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/nomer/issues/143#issuecomment-2197040157) in "latest" downloads available through https://download.checklistbank.org/col/,

is there another way to directly associate data products of RELEASE or PROJECT datasets? Apologies for my naivity, as I realize I may not be as familiar with the COL/CLB APIs and associated records as you are.

Thanks for being patient with me.

[jhpoelen]

@mdoering I noticed that you've just (on 2024-06-28) added the 2024-05-20 copies of the Catalogue of Life data products to https://download.checklistbank.org/col/monthly/ . . For some reason, I was unable to locate them yesterday.

Thanks for adding them!

[mdoering]

the /archive resource is for the archive that went INTO checklistbank in their original, binary form. We store every single version which can be retrieved by their sequential import attempt number (since some time in early 2022 I believe). The import history is visualised in the sidebar of the metrics page of a dataset:

https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2207/imports

There you also find links to the archive resource which takes the attempt parameter to select the archive imported at that time from our repo.

projects are work in progress, they can change every second, and should not be used as a reference for anything. For that you can create immutable snapshots, releases, that we store as distinct datasets in CLB. As this becomes a real burden for the db we only promise to keep annual versions live and at some point will start deleting the monthly copies from the database - keeping just the binary archives in coldp, dwca and text tree form in aboves folders.

[jhpoelen]

@mdoering thanks for clarifying! I can see that keeping multiple versions of Catalogue of Life in some database index can be a bit unwieldly at some point. However, as far as I can tell, folks are using currently records and webpages derived from these (temporary) indexed versions of Catalogue of Life without have a clear way to point to a specific digital resource (or set of resources) from which the information originated.

As someone looking at the datasets registry of checklist bank from an API perspective, I'd prefer to have a clear relation between information about some resource (e.g., a checklistbank release dataset) and a specific digital versions of their associated resources.

In the current situation, I cannot easily distinguish the different digital resources associated with some dataset key/id and related DOIs.

Is this a concern we share?

[jhpoelen]

After the helpful exchange and actions of @mdoering , I was able to trace down the copy and the hash of the dwc-a that @KatjaSchulz may have used to generate her helpful list using -

preston cat\
 --remote https://linker.bio\
 hash://sha256/226e8363d45eb2dd30c7ec34b8bc1bb8ebe2851dd50dfe56e8ea32807b80259f\
 | grep 2024-05-20_dwca.zip

which reveals a content id for the associated content via -

<urn:uuid:3b402f1e-fdbd-43b8-bf81-30ccc169d15c> <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#used> <https://download.checklistbank.org/col/monthly/2024-05-20_dwca.zip> <urn:uuid:3b402f1e-fdbd-43b8-bf81-30ccc169d15c> .
<https://download.checklistbank.org/col/monthly/2024-05-20_dwca.zip> <http://purl.org/pav/hasVersion> <hash://sha256/4c3d47677109084224fb609a1e8851c49405655273f85ec336e6615c07527b5d> <urn:uuid:3b402f1e-fdbd-43b8-bf81-30ccc169d15c> .

extracted from a just created versioned archive of Catalogue of Life data products offered through https://download.checklistbank.org/col using https://github.com/bio-guoda/preston-service/blob/955c17137ccb4bc830763ecf29cc0b5611be2b11/track-catalogueoflife.sh .

Comparing the eml.xml extracted from this versioned archive with the version that @KatjaSchulz provided yielded -

diff\
 <(curl 'https://linker.bio/zip:hash://sha256/4c3d47677109084224fb609a1e8851c49405655273f85ec336e6615c07527b5d!/eml.xml')\
 <(curl -L 'https://github.com/user-attachments/files/16022165/eml.txt')

yielded an empty result, indicating the the content produced by the urls are identical.

So, it comes as no surprise that the signatures (or content id/hashes) of the respective files are identical -

$ curl 'https://linker.bio/zip:hash://sha256/4c3d47677109084224fb609a1e8851c49405655273f85ec336e6615c07527b5d!/eml.xml' | sha256sum
42191b741ea2e2ce48a32b43b0a45c2b2f6cde596dd7cdb563cb2147b3360e0c  -

and

$ curl -L 'https://github.com/user-attachments/files/16022165/eml.txt' | sha256sum
42191b741ea2e2ce48a32b43b0a45c2b2f6cde596dd7cdb563cb2147b3360e0c  -

So, we have evidence to suggest that the archive from which the eml.xml was extracted is the one that @KatjaSchulz was looking for, but couldn't find, at least initially.

This archive is has content id

hash://sha256/4c3d47677109084224fb609a1e8851c49405655273f85ec336e6615c07527b5d .

and was seen at:

https://download.checklistbank.org/col/monthly/2024-05-20_dwca.zip

at 2024-06-28T16:59:08.792Z according to https://linker.bio/hash://sha256/226e8363d45eb2dd30c7ec34b8bc1bb8ebe2851dd50dfe56e8ea32807b80259f .

All this to make an argument for signing your data citation with the content id of the cited dataset. Perhaps something like:

Bánki, O., Roskov, Y., Döring, M., Ower, G., Hernández Robles, D. R., Plata Corredor, C. A., Stjernegaard Jeppesen, T., Örn, A., Vandepitte, L., Hobern, D., Schalk, P., DeWalt, R. E., Ma, K., Miller, J., Orrell, T., Aalbu, R., Abbott, J., Adlard, R., Aedo, C., et al. (2024). Catalogue of Life Checklist (Version 2024-05-20). Catalogue of Life, Amsterdam, Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.48580/dg6lk hash://sha256/4c3d47677109084224fb609a1e8851c49405655273f85ec336e6615c07527b5d

Anyways, more than half a day later, we seem to have recovered the cited COL dataset, and have identified some ideas to prevent our futures selves to go through this again.

Yay!

btw - I've setup a Catalogue of Life content tracker, and a first tracking run yielded slightly over 50GB in data with redundant copies across two continents. This took me less than 30 minutes to setup. This resulted in the creation of:

Poelen, J. H. (2024). Catalogue of Life Data Products: A Versioned and Citable Corpus hash://sha256/226e8363d45eb2dd30c7ec34b8bc1bb8ebe2851dd50dfe56e8ea32807b80259f hash://md5/ca8efd8038e1bc41eb88775844b58f4d [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12585613