automat: the next generation

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Fixes #145

obviously needs tests and perhaps some more thought (in particular… how would feedback state-changes work here?) but I think this might be cleaner than the methodical machine

Stuff to do before landing:

• [x] full test coverage
• [x] examine .to/.upon ordering for better type errors
• [x] visualization cleanups: outputs need much shorter, pithier names that look good in a visualization (inputs and states are OK)
• [x] deserialization: it needs to be possible to instantiate a type machine in a particular state, with a particular state-specific data if it's a data state. (the serialization half can be done with a regular input)
• [x] documentation: all the documentation needs to be rewritten to use TypeMachineBuilder
• [x] internal naming: _typified is a bit of a silly name, renaming to something like _typed would be better.
• [x] typing: possibly TypeMachine needs to be public so that people who want to call .asDigraph (or whatever the tracing or serialization APIs are) can still annotate their return types
• [x] additional safety:
  • [x] any mutation to the type builder (builder.state, state.upon, upon.to etc) must raise an exception if .build has already been called
  • [x] all methods should be checked for membership in their protocol, to ensure that free functions are not used that create conflicts
• [x] style: make up my mind on snake_case vs. camelCase

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: 2 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Comparison is base (2da0af1) 91.82% compared to head (9466e8f) 94.18%.

Files	Patch %	Lines
automat/_typical.py	99.19%	2 Missing :warning:

Additional details and impacted files

```diff @@ Coverage Diff @@ ## trunk #137 +/- ## ========================================== + Coverage 91.82% 94.18% +2.36% ========================================== Files 11 13 +2 Lines 1260 1806 +546 ========================================== + Hits 1157 1701 +544 - Misses 103 105 +2 ```

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(moved to description to get progress bar)

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before: after: