Update to Fedora 39, update all toolchains

[akien-mga]

Update to Fedora 39, update all toolchains

• Base image: Fedora 39
• SCons: 4.5.2
• Linux: GCC 10.2.0 built against glibc 2.19, binutils 2.35.1
• Windows: MinGW 11.0.0, GCC 13.2.1, binutils 2.40
• Web: Emscripten 3.1.39
• Android: Android NDK 23.2.8568313, build-tools 33.0.2, platform android-33, CMake 3.22.1, JDK 17
• macOS: Xcode 15.0 with Apple Clang (LLVM 16.0.0), MacOSX SDK 14.0
• iOS: Xcode 15.0 with Apple Clang (LLVM 16.0.0), iPhoneOS SDK 17.0

Switches macOS/iOS builds to use Apple Clang, to maximize compatibility with upstream Xcode. ~This enables us to build the arm64 simulator for iOS.~ (Still doesn't work.)

Also add gettext which is needed by Godot build scripts to compile PO files to MO.

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Draft for now as I haven't tested building Godot with those yet. I expect at least for Android we need some adjustments in upstream build scripts to use those toolchains (CC @m4gr3d).

[akien-mga]

I downgraded Emscripten to 1.3.39 to solve https://github.com/godotengine/godot/issues/82865.

Also kept Android NDK to r23 and build-tools/platform to API 33, matching the upstream gradle config. We should look into targeting API 34 before it becomes a requirement next Summer though.