bump NCS to v2.2.0

[mniestroj]

This is the latest stable version, released already 2 months ago.

Remove patches that were already applied to NCS fork of Zephyr.

Use v0.24.2 CI Docker image, as the minimum required Zephyr SDK is in version 0.15.0.

[github-actions[bot]]

Visit the preview URL for this PR (updated for commit 6ece27b):

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[mniestroj]

checkpatch warnings are false positives.