Merge upstream prometheus/prometheus at `b03b895`

[gotjosh]

Note to reviewers:

Please pay close attention to this diff, in particular to the following files:

Unmerged paths:
  (use "git add/rm <file>..." as appropriate to mark resolution)
        deleted by us:   .github/workflows/ci.yml
        both modified:   go.mod
        both modified:   go.sum
        both modified:   storage/remote/write_handler.go

Relevant

• https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/pull/14491 (no changelog needed, but is the reason I'm updating this)
• https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/pull/14474 (optimisation no changelog needed)
• https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/pull/14200 (I'm not sure how the OLTP is wired is Mimir will investigate)

  Not relevant

• https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/pull/14497 (doc change)
• https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/pull/14481 (dependency update)
• https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/pull/14476 (doc update)
• https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/pull/14483 (doc update)
• https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/pull/14464 (tests)

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