rando2
commented
4 years ago I hope it's OK, I edited your issue to add a link!
This is super fascinating. I had proposed adding some info about toll-like receptors to the therapeutics section, perhaps these topics would be related? I won't try to add anything about this to #349 right now, but it would definitely make sense to edit it down the line. I'd never heard of trained immunity before!
yemarshall
Title: Please edit the title to add the name of the paper after the colon.
General Information
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Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-020-0285-6
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Citation: doi:10.1038/s41577-020-0285-6
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Summary
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NOTE I'm still working on this topic & will fill this in with more info. Preliminary Summary (will be improved): Review of past research on "trained immunity" -- another type of immune memory and also ~adaptive but that's displayed by innate immune cells & also by stromal & epithelial cells (e.g. epithelial stem cells) & seen in both peripheral (mature myeloid cells) & central (bonemarrow progenitor cells, hematopoeitic stem cells) & also at tissue level (e.g., ~tissure/resident immune cells), different mechanism than long-term memory of acquired immune system, mechanism includes epigenetic and metabolic changes, research into possible benefits & potential detrimental outcomes, activation of innate immunity --> (order of months to maybe years, though reversible & in general shorter lived than adaptive immune response memory) greater protection against (re-)infection / enhanced responsiveness (i.e. quicker & stronger) to future infections (same/similar and different pathogens) OR immunological tolerance / reduced response / reduced protection, trained immunity may also be related in various ways to pathology, inflammation-related diseases, and conditions or immunology associated with aging, trained immunity may also be related in various ways to cancer; also sentence definition from the review article: "The concept of trained immunity describes the long-term functional reprogramming of innate immune cells, which is evoked by exogenous or endogenous insults and which leads to an altered response towards a second challenge after the return to a non-activated state. The secondary response to the subsequent non-specific stimulus can be altered in such a way that the cells respond more or less strongly than to the primary response, conferring context-adjusted and time-adjusted responses. It is important to underline that trained immunity represents the concept of long-term adaptation of innate immune cells rather than a particular transcriptional or functional programme: indeed, different stimuli (for example, ß-glucan, LPS or the bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine) can induce different trained immunity programmes."