Each aesthetic can be mapped to a variable, or set to a constant value. In the previous graphic, displ is mapped to horizontal position, hwy to vertical position and cyl to colour. Size and shape are not mapped to variables, but remain at their (constant) default values.
The first sentence talks about mapping aesthetics -> variables
The second sentence talks about mapping variables -> aesthetics
The third sentence talks about mapping aesthetics -> variables
Is (aesthetics, variables) mapping meant to be bijective, or one way only? I'm not sure if it matters when it comes to your description of scales. At least for grammatical parallelization, the second sentence could be rephrased to something like:
In the previous graphic, horizontal position is mapped to displ, vertical position to hwy, and colour to cyl.
In https://github.com/hadley/ggplot2-book/blob/01734fa9361eb1ce6ff954d77fa2d6c01f10430b/mastery.Rmd#L33 we can read:
Is (aesthetics, variables) mapping meant to be bijective, or one way only? I'm not sure if it matters when it comes to your description of scales. At least for grammatical parallelization, the second sentence could be rephrased to something like: