Adds an option to strictly enforce single recipients for emails

[nickmalcolm]

Devise sends email containing sensitive values such as confirmation URLs, password reset URLs, and unlock URLs. In most (all?) cases, these should only be sent to a single person so that they alone can click the link. If the email is sent to multiple addresses, another person could click the link.

Set Devise.strict_single_recipient_emails to an array of actions to raise an error when the email would be sent to more than one email address.

By default Devise is secure:

• Devise.email_regexp will reject email addresses containing separators (,;)
• Devise gets a single email address from record.email

However, when using opts, and particularly if providing untrusted user input to opts, multiple values could be present in to:, cc:, or bcc:.

Example:

# POST https://your-app.com/customised-reset-password?email[]="attacker@example.com"&email[]="victim@example.com"

# Returns the victim's user
user = User.find_by(email: params[:email])

# unsafe, will send the link to two addresses: 
Devise.mailer.reset_password_instructions(user, 'fake-token', {to: params[:email]})

# safe, devise will use the user's email address
Devise.reset_password_instructions(user, 'fake-token')

# safe, will raise error:
Devise.strict_single_recipient_emails = [
  :confirmation_instructions,
  :reset_password_instructions,
  :unlock_instructions
]
Devise.mailer.reset_password_instructions(user, 'fake-token', {to: params[:email]})

---

This work is similar to what I introduced at GitLab, but disabled by default and more configurable:

a) to avoid breaking changes, b) to make it easier to enable for a subset of actions

GitLab MR: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/145753

This is my first contribution to Devise - very happy to receive feedback and change things up as needed ❤️ Also fine if you'd rather not include this change 👍

[nickmalcolm]

This is ready for review @carlosantoniodasilva 🙇

[nickmalcolm]

👋 @carlosantoniodasilva do you or another contributor have capacity to review this? If it's not a contribution that's a good fit, I can close it 👍

Thanks for all the time & effort you put in to devise.