all: build with go1.23

[joshuasing]

Summary Build project with Go v1.23. This does not change the go directive in the go.mod files, meaning we do not require consumers of this module to use go1.23, and we cannot use Go v1.23 features yet.

Changes

• Use toolchain go1.23
• Use Go 1.23.x in GitHub Actions
• Update Go Docker images to 1.23-alpine3.20 and 1.23-bookworm (debian)
• Document that Go 1.23 is required for building (previously 1.22.2 or newer)

Note: Go v1.23 introduces new go vet checks for the slices package which are currently failing, resolved by #215

[ClaytonNorthey92]

@joshuasing as long as this passes this is an approval from me ✅ https://github.com/hemilabs/heminetwork/actions/runs/10496216883

[joshuasing]

Reverted to Go 1.22.6 in e2e/optimism-stack.dockerfile due to an incompatibility between a module used by go-ethereum and Go 1.23 (github.com/fjl/memsize). Once we rebase https://github.com/hemilabs/op-geth, we should update this to Go 1.23.

https://github.com/fjl/memsize/issues/4 https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/issues/30100 https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/30253 https://github.com/ethereum-optimism/op-geth/commit/04354cf987b0a9429b3f9262c2dd7f7dc95ad935