Adding Heroku-24 to CI test matrix

[colincasey]

Adds entries to the CI test matrix for heroku/builder:24 as well as the supported architectures arm64 and amd64.

Also adds:

• a couple of unit tests to validate that DistLayerMetadata (which is responsible for the installed Node.js binary cache) should be invalidated if there are any differences in the Artifact information
• an integration test for each package manager (npm, pnpm, Yarn) that verifies native node modules are always recompiled during both a fresh cache install and restored cache install

GUS-W-14667534.

[colincasey]

@edmorley thanks for pointing out that target triple configuration. I missed that when I was referencing the python buildpack changes.

I also added some tests to verify assumptions around native node modules installs. Our current cache invalidation logic for modules should handle target architecture changes fine.