Zig: Pro

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related:

• ✅ #363
• ✅ #378
• ✅ #362
• ✅ #374

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Zig 进阶:

• zig 总体上比 rust 语法简单很多.
• 和 c 相比, 并没有引入太多难理解的概念. (一致性上近似 c)

官方文档:

• https://ziglang.org/zh/learn/
• https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/

zig 语法关键字:

• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Keyword-Reference
• ✅ 需要经常查对, 置顶.
• ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️

zig 语法练习:

• ✅ https://github.com/better-zig/ziglings-solutions
• ✅ 根据练习题目录, 熟悉各语法点使用示例.

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Zig 核心语法点:

💢 1. 数据类型:

基础数据类型:

• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Primitive-Types

Optionals: (类似 Rust Option)

• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Optionals

null:

• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#null

undefined:

• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#undefined

Arrays: 数组

• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Arrays

Vectors: 容器

• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Vectors

Slices: 切片

• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Slices

struct: 结构体

• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#struct
• ✅ 允许内嵌方法, 类似 rust, 但更简洁.

extern-struct:

• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#toc-extern-struct
• ✅ 兼容 C ABI 保证. ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#extern-union
• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#extern-enum

Pointers: 指针

• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Pointers

💢 2. 基本语法:

opaque: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#opaque

blocks: 块语法, 类似 rust/go, {}, 生命周期概念.

• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#blocks

noreturn:

• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#noreturn

💢 3. 进阶语法:

3.1 错误处理:

defer / errdefer:

• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#defer
• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#errdefer

try / catch: 异常机制

• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#try

switch: 类似 rust match

• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#switch

unreachable:

• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#unreachable

3.2 comptime: 类似泛型

• ✅ comptime
• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Generic-Data-Structures
• ✅ https://ziglang.org/learn/overview/#generic-data-structures-and-functions

3.3 编译期反射和编译期代码执行:

• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#typeInfo

3.4 异步(Async/Await):

• ✅ Async Functions
• ✅ Async and Await

3.5 C 语言互操作:

• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#cImport
• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#cInclude

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Zig 语法进阶:

• 重点介绍一些比较重要 or 不太清晰的特性.

type vs anytype:

• https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues/5893
  • ⭐️ ⭐️ ⭐️ ⭐️ ⭐️
  • 该问题下的争论非常好. 清楚的解释了 type vs anytype 的区别.
• ✅ type: 只能是类型
• ✅ anytype: 包含类型+值

anytype 用例:

• ✅ https://github.com/ziglang/zig/blob/master/lib/std/log.zig#L126

comptime:

• ✅ https://github.com/ziglang/zig/search?l=Zig&q=comptime
• ✅ zig 源码对 comptime 的使用方式.
• ✅ 大多数是类似泛型的场景使用.

典型例子:

• ✅ https://github.com/ziglang/zig/blob/master/lib/std/atomic/stack.zig
• ✅ https://github.com/ziglang/zig/blob/master/lib/std/io/writer.zig#L6

errors:

文档:

• https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Errors

示例:

• ✅ https://github.com/better-zig/ziglings-solutions/blob/solutions/exercises/022_errors2.zig

Builtin-Functions 内建方法集:

• ✅ https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Builtin-Functions

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